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Calibration of the Advanced LIGO detectors is the quantification of the detectors' response to gravitational waves. Gravitational waves incident on the detectors cause phase shifts in the interferometer laser light which are read out as…

Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nano-meter scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-05-12 Aidan F. Brooks , Gabriele Vajente , Hiro Yamamoto , Rich Abbott , Carl Adams , Rana X. Adhikari , Alena Ananyeva , Stephen Appert , Koji Arai , Joseph S. Areeda , Yasmeen Asali , Stuart M. Aston , Corey Austin , Anne M. Baer , Matthew Ball , Stefan W. Ballmer , Sharan Banagiri , David Barker , Lisa Barsotti , Jeffrey Bartlett , Beverly K. Berger , Joseph Betzwieser , Dripta Bhattacharjee , Garilynn Billingsley , Sebastien Biscans , Carl D. Blair , Ryan M. Blair , Nina Bode , Phillip Booker , Rolf Bork , Alyssa Bramley , Daniel D. Brown , Aaron Buikema , Craig Cahillane , Kipp C. Cannon , Huy Tuong Cao , Xu Chen , Alexei A. Ciobanu , Filiberto Clara , Camilla Compton , Sam J. Cooper , Kenneth R. Corley , Stefan T. Countryman , Pep B. Covas , Dennis C. Coyne , Laurence E. Datrier , Derek Davis , Chiara D. Difronzo , Katherine L. Dooley , Jenne C. Driggers , Peter Dupej , Sheila E. Dwyer , Anamaria Effler , Todd Etzel , Matthew Evans , Tom M. Evans , Jon Feicht , Alvaro Fernandez-Galiana , Peter Fritschel , Valery V. Frolov , Paul Fulda , Michael Fyffe , Joe A. Giaime , Dwayne D. Giardina , Patrick Godwin , Evan Goetz , Slawomir Gras , Corey Gray , Rachel Gray , Anna C. Green , Anchal Gupta , Eric K. Gustafson , Dick Gustafson , Evan Hall , Jonathan Hanks , Joe Hanson , Terra Hardwick , Raine K. Hasskew , Matthew C. Heintze , Adrian F. Helmling-Cornell , Nathan A. Holland , Jeff D. Jones , Shivaraj Kandhasamy , Sudarshan Karki , Marie Kasprzack , Keita Kawabe , Nutsinee Kijbunchoo , Peter J. King , Jeffrey S. Kissel , Rahul Kumar , Michael Landry , Benjamin B. Lane , Brian Lantz , Michael Laxen , Yannick K. Lecoeuche , Jessica Leviton , Liu Jian , Marc Lormand , Andrew P. Lundgren , Ronaldas Macas , Myron Macinnis , Duncan M. Macleod , Georgia L. Mansell , Szabolcs Marka , Zsuzsanna Marka , Denis V. Martynov , Ken Mason , Thomas J. Massinger , Fabrice Matichard , Nergis Mavalvala , Richard McCarthy , David E. McClelland , Scott McCormick , Lee McCuller , Jessica McIver , Terry McRae , Gregory Mendell , Kara Merfeld , Edmond L. Merilh , Fabian Meylahn , Timesh Mistry , Richard Mittleman , Gerardo Moreno , Conor M. Mow-Lowry , Simone Mozzon , Adam Mullavey , Timothy J. Nelson , Philippe Nguyen , Laura K. Nuttall , Jason Oberling , Richard J. Oram , Charles Osthelder , David J. Ottaway , Harry Overmier , Jordan R. Palamos , William Parker , Ethan Payne , Arnaud Pele , Reilly Penhorwood , Carlos J. Perez , Marc Pirello , Hugh Radkins , Karla E. Ramirez , Jonathan W. Richardson , Keith Riles , Norna A. Robertson , Jameson G. Rollins , Chandra L. Romel , Janeen H. Romie , Michael P. Ross , Kyle Ryan , Travis Sadecki , Eduardo J. Sanchez , Luis E. Sanchez , Saravanan R. Tiruppatturrajamanikkam , Richard L. Savage , Dean Schaetzl , Roman Schnabel , Robert M. Schofield , Eyal Schwartz , Danny Sellers , Thomas Shaffer , Daniel Sigg , Bram J. Slagmolen , Joshua R. Smith , Siddharth Soni , Borja Sorazu , Andrew P. Spencer , Ken A. Strain , Ling Sun , Marek J. Szczepanczyk , Michael Thomas , Patrick Thomas , Keith A. Thorne , Karl Toland , Calum I. Torrie , Gary Traylor , Maggie Tse , Alexander L. Urban , Guillermo Valdes , Daniel C. Vander-Hyde , Peter J. Veitch , Krishna Venkateswara , Gautam Venugopalan , Aaron D. Viets , Thomas Vo , Cheryl Vorvick , Madeline Wade , Robert L. Ward , Jim Warner , Betsy Weaver , Rainer Weiss , Chris Whittle , Benno Willke , Christopher C. Wipf , Liting Xiao , Hang Yu , Haocun Yu , Liyuan Zhang , Michael E. Zucker , John Zweizig

Signal recycling is applied in laser interferometers such as the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (aLIGO) to increase their sensitivity to gravitational waves. In this study, signal recycling configurations for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-05-25 Duo Tao , Nelson Christensen

Gravitational-wave (GW) laser interferometers such as Advanced LIGO transduce spacetime strain into optical power fluctuation. Converting this optical power fluctuations back into an estimated spacetime strain requires a calibration process…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-26 Evan D. Hall , Craig Cahillane , Kiwamu Izumi , Rory J. E. Smith , Rana X Adhikari

By mapping the signal-recycling (SR) optical configuration to a three-mirror cavity, and then to a single detuned cavity, we express SR optomechanical dynamics, input--output relation and noise spectral density in terms of only three…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Alessandra Buonanno , Yanbei Chen

LIGO's detection of gravitational waves marks a first step in measurable effects of general relativity on quantum matter. In its current operation, laser interferometer gravitational-wave detectors are already quantum limited at high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-19 Belinda Pang , Yanbei Chen

The Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors have completed their initial upgrade phase and will enter the first observing run in late 2015, with detector sensitivity expected to improve in future runs.…

The raw outputs of the detectors within the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory need to be calibrated in order to produce the estimate of the dimensionless strain used for astrophysical analyses. The two detectors…

The double-pass interferometer scheme was proposed in Ref.\,[Light Sci. Appl. {\bf 7}, 11 (2018)] as the method of implementation of the quantum speed meter concept in future laser gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. Later it was shown in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-14 L. A. Barinov , F. Ya. Khalili

Quantum fluctuations in the phase and amplitude quadratures of light set limitations on the sensitivity of modern optical instruments. The sensitivity of the interferometric gravitational wave detectors, such as the Advanced Laser…

Optics · Physics 2017-04-26 D. V. Martynov , V. V. Frolov , S. Kandhasamy , K. Izumi , H. Miao , N. Mavalvala , E. D. Hall , R. Lanza , B. P. Abbott , R. Abbott , T. D. Abbott , C. Adams , R. X. Adhikari , S. B. Anderson , A. Ananyeva , S. Appert , K. Arai , S. M. Aston , S. W. Ballmer , D. Barker , B. Barr , L. Barsotti , J. Bartlett , I. Bartos , J. C. Batch , A. S. Bell , J. Betzwieser , G. Billingsley , J. Birch , S. Biscans , C. Biwer , C. D. Blair , R. Bork , A. F. Brooks , G. Ciani , F. Clara , S. T. Countryman , M. J. Cowart , D. C. Coyne , A. Cumming , L. Cunningham , K. Danzmann , C. F. Da Silva Costa , E. J. Daw , D. DeBra , R. T. DeRosa , R. DeSalvo , K. L. Dooley , S. Doravari , J. C. Driggers , S. E. Dwyer , A. Effler , T. Etzel , M. Evans , T. M. Evans , M. Factourovich , H. Fair , A. Fernández Galiana , R. P. Fisher , P. Fritschel , P. Fulda , M. Fyffe , J. A. Giaime , K. D. Giardina , E. Goetz , R. Goetz , S. Gras , C. Gray , H. Grote , K. E. Gushwa , E. K. Gustafson , R. Gustafson , G. Hammond , J. Hanks , J. Hanson , T. Hardwick , G. M. Harry , M. C. Heintze , A. W. Heptonstall , J. Hough , R. Jones , S. Karki , M. Kasprzack , S. Kaufer , K. Kawabe , N. Kijbunchoo , E. J. King , P. J. King , J. S. Kissel , W. Z. Korth , G. Kuehn , M. Landry , B. Lantz , N. A. Lockerbie , M. Lormand , A. P. Lundgren , M. MacInnis , D. M. Macleod , S. Márka , Z. Márka , A. S. Markosyan , E. Maros , I. W. Martin , K. Mason , T. J. Massinger , F. Matichard , R. McCarthy , D. E. McClelland , S. McCormick , G. McIntyre , J. McIver , G. Mendell , E. L. Merilh , P. M. Meyers , J. Miller , R. Mittleman , G. Moreno , G. Mueller , A. Mullavey , J. Munch , L. K. Nuttall , J. Oberling , P. Oppermann , Richard J. Oram , B. O'Reilly , D. J. Ottaway , H. Overmier , J. R. Palamos , H. R. Paris , W. Parker , A. Pele , S. Penn , M. Phelps , V. Pierro , I. Pinto , M. Principe , L. G. Prokhorov , O. Puncken , V. Quetschke , E. A. Quintero , F. J. Raab , H. Radkins , P. Raffai , S. Reid , D. H. Reitze , N. A. Robertson , J. G. Rollins , V. J. Roma , J. H. Romie , S. Rowan , K. Ryan , T. Sadecki , E. J. Sanchez , V. Sandberg , R. L. Savage , R. M. S. Schofield , D. Sellers , D. A. Shaddock , T. J. Shaffer , B. Shapiro , P. Shawhan , D. H. Shoemaker , D. Sigg , B. J. J. Slagmolen , B. Smith , J. R. Smith , B. Sorazu , A. Staley , K. A. Strain , D. B. Tanner , R. Taylor , M. Thomas , P. Thomas , K. A. Thorne , E. Thrane , C. I. Torrie , G. Traylor , G. Vajente , G. Valdes , A. A. van Veggel , A. Vecchio , P. J. Veitch , K. Venkateswara , T. Vo , C. Vorvick , M. Walker , R. L. Ward , J. Warner , B. Weaver , R. Weiss , P. Weßels , B. Willke , C. C. Wipf , J. Worden , G. Wu , H. Yamamoto , C. C. Yancey , Hang Yu , Haocun Yu , L. Zhang , M. E. Zucker , J. Zweizig

Achieving the quantum noise targets of third-generation detectors will require 10 dB of squeezed-light enhancement as well as megawatt laser power in the interferometer arms - both of which require unprecedented control of the internal…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-31 Jonathan W. Richardson , Swadha Pandey , Edita Bytyqi , Tega Edo , Rana X. Adhikari

For gravitational-wave interferometric detectors, there is a tradeoff between the detector bandwidth and peak sensitivity when focusing on the shot noise level. This has to do with the frequency-dependent propagation phase lag (positive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-25 Haixing Miao , Yiqiu Ma , Chunnong Zhao , Yanbei Chen

It has long been thought that the sensitivity of laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors is limited by the free-mass standard quantum limit, unless radical redesigns of the interferometers or modifications of their input/output…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Alessandra Buonanno , Yanbei Chen

As the first generation of laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors near operation, research and development has begun on increasing the instrument's sensitivity while utilizing the existing infrastructure. In the Laser…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Ryan Lawrence , Michael Zucker , Peter Fritschel , Phil Marfuta , David Shoemaker

We present the analysis of undesirable effect of parametric oscillatory instability in signal recycled LIGO interferometer. The basis for this effect is the excitation of the additional (Stokes) optical mode, with frequency $\omega_1$, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 V. B. Braginsky , A. Gurkovsky , S. E. Strigin , S. P. Vyatchanin

LIGO, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory, has been designed and constructed to measure gravitational wave strain via differential arm length. The LIGO 4-km Michelson arms with Fabry-Perot cavities have auxiliary length…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-28 Grant David Meadors , Keita Kawabe , Keith Riles

We describe an optical simulation program that models a complete, coupled-cavity interferometer like those used by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Project. A wide variety of interferometer deformations can be…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Brett Bochner , Yaron Hefetz

Quantum noise limits the sensitivity of laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. Given the state-of-the-art optics, the optical losses define the lower bound of the best possible quantum-limited detector sensitivity. In this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-17 Teng Zhang , Joe Bentley , Haixing Miao

Quantum noise limits the sensitivity of precision measurement devices, such as laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatories and axion detectors. In the shot-noise-limited regime, these resonant detectors are subject to a trade-off…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 Xiang Li , Jiri Smetana , Amit Singh Ubhi , Joe Bentley , Yanbei Chen , Yiqiu Ma , Haixing Miao , Denis Martynov

Current and future interferometeric gravitational-wave detectors are limited predominantly by shot noise at high frequencies. Shot noise is reduced by introducing arm cavities and signal recycling, however, there exists a tradeoff between…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-22 Joe Bentley , Philip Jones , Denis Martynov , Andreas Freise , Haixing Miao