Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO
Abstract
Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nano-meter scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduces the sensitivity of the interferometer directly though a reduction in the power-recycling gain and indirect interactions with the feedback control system. We review the expected surface deformation from point absorbers and provide a pedagogical description of the impact on power build-up in second generation gravitational wave detectors (dual-recycled Fabry-Perot Michelson interferometers). This analysis predicts that the power-dependent reduction in interferometer performance will significantly degrade maximum stored power by up to 50% and hence, limit GW sensitivity, but suggests system wide corrections that can be implemented in current and future GW detectors. This is particularly pressing given that future GW detectors call for an order of magnitude more stored power than currently used in Advanced LIGO in Observing Run 3. We briefly review strategies to mitigate the effects of point absorbers in current and future GW wave detectors to maximize the success of these enterprises.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2101.05828,
title = {Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO},
author = {Aidan F. Brooks and Gabriele Vajente and Hiro Yamamoto and Rich Abbott and Carl Adams and Rana X. Adhikari and Alena Ananyeva and Stephen Appert and Koji Arai and Joseph S. Areeda and Yasmeen Asali and Stuart M. Aston and Corey Austin and Anne M. Baer and Matthew Ball and Stefan W. Ballmer and Sharan Banagiri and David Barker and Lisa Barsotti and Jeffrey Bartlett and Beverly K. Berger and Joseph Betzwieser and Dripta Bhattacharjee and Garilynn Billingsley and Sebastien Biscans and Carl D. Blair and Ryan M. Blair and Nina Bode and Phillip Booker and Rolf Bork and Alyssa Bramley and Daniel D. Brown and Aaron Buikema and Craig Cahillane and Kipp C. Cannon and Huy Tuong Cao and Xu Chen and Alexei A. Ciobanu and Filiberto Clara and Camilla Compton and Sam J. Cooper and Kenneth R. Corley and Stefan T. Countryman and Pep B. Covas and Dennis C. Coyne and Laurence E. Datrier and Derek Davis and Chiara D. Difronzo and Katherine L. Dooley and Jenne C. Driggers and Peter Dupej and Sheila E. Dwyer and Anamaria Effler and Todd Etzel and Matthew Evans and Tom M. Evans and Jon Feicht and Alvaro Fernandez-Galiana and Peter Fritschel and Valery V. Frolov and Paul Fulda and Michael Fyffe and Joe A. Giaime and Dwayne D. Giardina and Patrick Godwin and Evan Goetz and Slawomir Gras and Corey Gray and Rachel Gray and Anna C. Green and Anchal Gupta and Eric K. Gustafson and Dick Gustafson and Evan Hall and Jonathan Hanks and Joe Hanson and Terra Hardwick and Raine K. Hasskew and Matthew C. Heintze and Adrian F. Helmling-Cornell and Nathan A. Holland and Jeff D. Jones and Shivaraj Kandhasamy and Sudarshan Karki and Marie Kasprzack and Keita Kawabe and Nutsinee Kijbunchoo and Peter J. King and Jeffrey S. Kissel and Rahul Kumar and Michael Landry and Benjamin B. Lane and Brian Lantz and Michael Laxen and Yannick K. Lecoeuche and Jessica Leviton and Liu Jian and Marc Lormand and Andrew P. Lundgren and Ronaldas Macas and Myron Macinnis and Duncan M. Macleod and Georgia L. Mansell and Szabolcs Marka and Zsuzsanna Marka and Denis V. Martynov and Ken Mason and Thomas J. Massinger and Fabrice Matichard and Nergis Mavalvala and Richard McCarthy and David E. McClelland and Scott McCormick and Lee McCuller and Jessica McIver and Terry McRae and Gregory Mendell and Kara Merfeld and Edmond L. Merilh and Fabian Meylahn and Timesh Mistry and Richard Mittleman and Gerardo Moreno and Conor M. Mow-Lowry and Simone Mozzon and Adam Mullavey and Timothy J. Nelson and Philippe Nguyen and Laura K. Nuttall and Jason Oberling and Richard J. Oram and Charles Osthelder and David J. Ottaway and Harry Overmier and Jordan R. Palamos and William Parker and Ethan Payne and Arnaud Pele and Reilly Penhorwood and Carlos J. Perez and Marc Pirello and Hugh Radkins and Karla E. Ramirez and Jonathan W. Richardson and Keith Riles and Norna A. Robertson and Jameson G. Rollins and Chandra L. Romel and Janeen H. Romie and Michael P. Ross and Kyle Ryan and Travis Sadecki and Eduardo J. Sanchez and Luis E. Sanchez and Saravanan R. Tiruppatturrajamanikkam and Richard L. Savage and Dean Schaetzl and Roman Schnabel and Robert M. Schofield and Eyal Schwartz and Danny Sellers and Thomas Shaffer and Daniel Sigg and Bram J. Slagmolen and Joshua R. Smith and Siddharth Soni and Borja Sorazu and Andrew P. Spencer and Ken A. Strain and Ling Sun and Marek J. Szczepanczyk and Michael Thomas and Patrick Thomas and Keith A. Thorne and Karl Toland and Calum I. Torrie and Gary Traylor and Maggie Tse and Alexander L. Urban and Guillermo Valdes and Daniel C. Vander-Hyde and Peter J. Veitch and Krishna Venkateswara and Gautam Venugopalan and Aaron D. Viets and Thomas Vo and Cheryl Vorvick and Madeline Wade and Robert L. Ward and Jim Warner and Betsy Weaver and Rainer Weiss and Chris Whittle and Benno Willke and Christopher C. Wipf and Liting Xiao and Hang Yu and Haocun Yu and Liyuan Zhang and Michael E. Zucker and John Zweizig},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.05828},
year = {2021}
}
Comments
49 pages, 16 figures. -V2: typographical errors in equations B9 and B10 were corrected (stray exponent of "h" was removed). Caption of Figure 9 was corrected to indicate that 40mW was used for absorption in the model, not 10mW as incorrectly indicated in V1