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In the literature one often finds the claim that there is no such thing as an energy-momentum tensor for the gravitational field, and consequently, that the total energy-momentum conservation can only be defined in terms of a gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-08-08 H. Nikolic

We present a covariant field-theoretical framework for a rank-4 tensor gauge field theory describing fractonic string-like objects. We show that the most general quadratic, parity-preserving action naturally leads to a Maxwell-like sector,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-21 Erica Bertolini , Hyungrok Kim , Giandomenico Palumbo

Noether's first and second theorems both imply conserved currents that can be identified as an energy-momentum tensor (EMT). The first theorem identifies the EMT as the conserved current associated with global spacetime translations, while…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-16 Adam Freese

We give a fully covariant energy momentum stress tensor for the gravitational field which is easily physically motivated, and which leads to a very general derivation of the Einstein equation for gravity. We do not need to assume any…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-03-31 Maurice J. Dupré

We discuss general properties of the conservation law associated with a local symmetry. Using Noether's theorem and a generalized Belinfante symmetrization procedure in 3+1 dimensions, a symmetric energy-momentum (pseudo) tensor for the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Dongsu Bak , D. Cangemi , R. Jackiw

The form of Maxwell's theory is well known in the framework of general relativity, a fact that is related to the applicability of the principle of equivalence to electromagnetic phenomena. We pose the question whether this form changes if…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-15 Roland A. Puntigam , Claus Lämmerzahl , Friedrich W. Hehl

We propose a new class of vector fields to construct a conserved charge in a general field theory whose energy momentum tensor is covariantly conserved. We show that there always exists such a vector field in a given field theory even…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-12-03 Sinya Aoki , Tetsuya Onogi , Shuichi Yokoyama

In a flat background, the canonical energy momentum tensor of Lorentz and conformally invariant matter field theories can be improved to a symmetric and traceless tensor that gives the same conserved charges. We argue that the geometric…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-09 Damianos Iosifidis , Manthos Karydas , Anastasios Petkou , Konstantinos Siampos

We consider Bel-Robinson-like higher derivative conserved two-index tensors $H_\mn$ in simple matter models, following a recently suggested Maxwell field version. In flat space, we show that they are essentially equivalent to the true…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 S. Deser

Following Brown[1], we construct composite operators for the scalar $\phi^3$ theory in six dimensions using renormalisation group methods with dimensional regularisation. We express bare scalar operators in terms of renormalised composite…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-09-08 Pavan Dharanipragada , Bala Sathiapalan

Describing the gravitational energy and momentum, the Bel-Robinson tensor is the best tensor. However, the classical pseudotensors can also manage the the same job. As Deser mentioned in 1999, a certain linear combination between Einstein…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-29 Lau Loi So

As we know, from the Einstein equations the vanishing of the four-divergence of the (symmetric) energy-momentum tensor follows. This is the case because the fourdivergence of the Einstein tensor (which is also symmetric) vanishes…

General Physics · Physics 2017-12-12 Evangelos Chaliasos

In the framework of generally covariant (pre-metric) electrodynamics (``charge & flux electrodynamics''), the Maxwell equations can be formulated in terms of the electromagnetic excitation $H=({\cal D}, {\cal H})$ and the field strength…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Friedrich W. Hehl , Yuri N. Obukhov , Guillermo F. Rubilar

We give a new representation as tempered distribution for the energy-momentum tensor of a system of charged point-particles, which is free from divergent self-interactions, manifestly Lorentz-invariant and symmetric, and conserved. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 K. Lechner , P. A. Marchetti

We clarify the relation among canonical, metric and Belinfante's energy-momentum tensors for general tensor field theories. For any tensor field T, we define a new tensor field $\til {\bm T}$, in terms of which the Belinfante tensor is…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-08-16 Ricardo E. Gamboa Saraví

In recent papers [1-3], we have discussed matter symmetries of non-static spherically symmetric spacetimes, static plane symmetric spacetimes and cylindrically symmetric static spacetimes. These have been classified for both cases when the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 M. Sharif

A formulation of linearized gravity in flat background, based on the Fierz tensor as a counterpart of the electromagnetic field strength, is discussed in detail and used to study fundamental properties of the linearized gravitational field.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-30 Gabor Zsolt Toth

Motivated by recent work involving the graviton-graviton tree scattering amplitude, and its twin descriptions as the square of the Bel-Robinson tensor, $B_{\m\n\a\b}$, and as the "current-current interaction" square of gravitational energy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 S. Deser , J. S. Franklin , D. Seminara

We consider T(x), a tensor of arbitrary rank that is symmetric in all of its indices and conserved in the sense that the divergence on any one index vanishes. Our conjecture is that all integral moments of this tensor will vanish if the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-07-12 Charles Schwartz

Within the context of a $5D$ space-time, we construct a unified theory of gravity and electromagnetism from which the Einstein field equations and Maxwell equations emerge, with homogenous Maxwell equations appearing naturally. We also…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-06-17 A. Borzou , H. R. Sepangi