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We analyze the renormalized stress-energy tensor (RSET) of a massless quantum scalar field in time-dependent gravitational backgrounds. Starting from its formal expression obtained within the covariant perturbative expansion to lowest order…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-21 A. Boasso , F. D. Mazzitelli

We calculate the energy-momentum tensor due to electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations between two parallel hyperplanes in more than four dimensions, considering both metallic and MIT boundary conditions. Using the axial gauge, the problem can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 H. Alnes , K. Olaussen , F. Ravndal , I. K. Wehus

We reexamine the energy-momentum tensor in classical electrodynamics from the perspective of spacetime-dependent translations, i.e., diffeomorphism invariance in flat spacetime. When energy-momentum is identified through local translations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-26 Taeseung Choi

The paper shows the relationship between the major wave equations in quantum mechanics and electromagnetism, such as Schroedinger's equation, Dirac's equation and the Maxwell equations. It is shown that they can be derived in a striking…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-12 Engel Roza

We complete a metric-free axiomatic framework for electrodynamics by introducing the appropriate energy-momentum current Sigma of the electromagnetic field. We start from the Lorentz force density and motivate the form of Sigma. Then we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Friedrich W. Hehl , Yuri N. Obukhov

We construct a class of Einstein-vector theories where the vector field couples bilinearly to the curvature polynomials of arbitrary order in such a way that only Riemann tensor rather than its derivative enters the equations of motion. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-02-17 Wei-Jian Geng , H. Lu

Recently there has appeared in the literature a sequence of papers questioning the consistency of supergravity coupled to Fayet-Iliopoulos terms. A key feature of these arguments is a demonstration that the conventional superspace stress…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-03-03 Daniel Butter

We prove an infinite sequence of inequalities among scalar polynomial invariants of symmetric rank-2 tensors of Segre types $A1$, $A3$, and $B$. In particular, these inequalities apply to the Ricci tensor and the energy-momentum tensor. If…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-20 Sebastian J. Szybka , Yaroslava Kravetska , Kornelia Nikiel

The current paper is devoted to the investigation of the general form of the energy-momentum pseudotensor (pEMT) and the corresponding superpotential for the wide class of theories. The only requirement for such a theory is the general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-15 R. V. Ilin , S. A. Paston

Classical equations of motion that are first-order in time and conserve energy can only be quantized after their variables have been transformed to canonical ones, i.e., variables in which the energy is the system's Hamiltonian. The…

General Physics · Physics 2011-03-15 Steven Kenneth Kauffmann

The gravitational analog of the electromagnetic Poynting vector is constructed using the field equations of general relativity in the Hilbert gauge. It is found that when the gravitational Poynting vector is applied to the solution of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 L. M. de Menezes

A stress-energy tensor for linear gravity adapted to the harmonic gauge was recently proposed by Butcher, Hobson and Lasenby. By removing gauge constraints and imposing full metrical GR, we find a natural generalisation to the pseudotensor…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-03-06 William E V Barker , Anthony N Lasenby , Michael P Hobson , William J Handley

We construct a covariant and gauge-invariant theory describing massive fractons in three spacetime dimensions, based on a symmetric rank-2 tensor field. The model includes a Chern-Simons-like term that plays a dual role: it generates a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-28 Erica Bertolini , Matteo Carrega , Nicola Maggiore , Daniel Sacco Shaikh

A true energy-momentum tensor is unique and does not admit an addition of a term. The true electrodynamics' energy-momentum tensor is the Maxwell-Minkowski tensor. It cannot be got with the Lagrange formalism. The canonical energy-momentum…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. I. Khrapko

We construct the gravitational energy-momentum tensor in general relativity through the Noether theorem. In particular, we explicitly demonstrate that the constructed quantity can vary as a tensor under the general coordinate…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-01-20 Kazuharu Bamba , Katsutaro Shimizu

Scalar, vector and tensor conserved quantities are essential tools in solving different problems in physics and complex, nonlinear differential equations in mathematics. In many guises they enter our understanding of nature: charge, lepton,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-05-09 Davide Batic , Marek Nowakowski , Aya Mohammad Abdelhaq

We apply the energy-momentum tensor to calculate energy, momentum and angular-momentum of two different tetrad fields. This tensor is coordinate independent of the gravitational field established in the Hamiltonian structure of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Gamal Gergess Lamee Nashed

We analyze the constraints on the general form and the singularity structure of the correlation functions of the symmetric, traceless and conserved stress-energy tensor implied by conformal invariance and higher spin symmetry in four…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-16 Yassen S. Stanev

In this work we prove that there are no electromagnetic energy tensors in second order Lovelock gravities that verify properties equivalent to those of the Maxwell electromagnetic energy tensor in General Relativity.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-12 Raúl Martínez-Bohórquez

We present a complete resolution of the Abraham-Minkowski controversy . This is done by considering several new aspects which invalidate previous discussions. We show that: 1)For polarized matter the center of mass theorem is no longer…

Classical Physics · Physics 2017-03-09 Rodrigo Medina , J. Stephany
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