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Given a collection of N solutions of the (3+1) vacuum Einstein constraint equations which are asymptotically Euclidean, we show how to construct a new solution of the constraints which is itself asymptotically Euclidean, and which contains…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-09 Piotr T. Chruściel , Justin Corvino , James Isenberg

In previous works, we suggested considering a (3+1)D quantum gravitational field as an evolution of a (2+1)D renormalized quantum gravitational field along the direction of the gravitational force. The starting point of the suggestion is a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-18 Merav Hadad

We derive all-order expressions for perturbations of the Einstein-Hilbert action and the Einstein equation with the general $n$-th order terms. To this end, we employ Cheung and Remmen's perturbation conventions both in tensor density and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-01-09 Kyoungho Cho , Kwangeon Kim , Kanghoon Lee

This essay is about how to construct a new Einstein metric by an old one. Given an Einstein metric $\alpha$ and its Killing $1$-form $\beta$, donote $b:=\|\beta\|_{\alpha}$, we aim to determined the deformation factors $e^{\rho(b^2)}$ and…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-08-06 Changtao Yu

A Hamiltonian formulation is given for the gravitational dynamics of two spinning compact bodies to next-to-leading order ($G/c^4$ and $G^2/c^4$) in the spin-orbit interaction. We use a novel approach (valid to linear order in the spins),…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Thibault Damour , Piotr Jaranowski , Gerhard Schäfer

We consider the Einstein-Maxwell system as a Cauchy initial value problem taking the electric and magnetic fields as independent variables. Maxwell's equations in curved spacetimes are derived in detail using a 3+1 formalism and their…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-29 Miguel Alcubierre , Juan Carlos Degollado , Marcelo Salgado

This article, written to appear as a chapter in "The Springer Handbook of Spacetime", is a review of the initial value problem for Einstein's gravitational field theory in general relativity. Designed to be accessible to graduate students…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-15 James Isenberg

Einstein's equations in matter are gravitational analogues of Maxwell's equations in matter, providing an effective classical description of gravitational fields. We derive Einstein's equations in matter for relativistic fluids, and use…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-05-29 Pavel Kovtun , Ashish Shukla

A new method for finding first integrals of discrete equations is presented. It can be used for discrete equations which do not possess a variational (Lagrangian or Hamiltonian) formulation. The method is based on a newly established…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2013-11-08 V. Dorodnitsyn , E. Kaptsov , R. Kozlov , P. Winternitz

The formulation of the initial value problem for the Einstein equations is at the heart of obtaining interesting new solutions using numerical relativity and still very much under theoretical and applied scrutiny. We develop a specialised…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Philippos Papadopoulos , Carlos F. Sopuerta

Einstein's special theory of relativity starts with assumptions about how observations conducted in relatively moving inertial frames must compare. From these assumptions, conclusions can be drawn regarding the laws of physics in any one…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-07-14 Allan Walstad

Einstein equations can be written in the so-called Fully Constrained Formulation (FCF). This formulation has two different sectors: the elliptic sector, formed by the Hamiltonian and Momentum constraints together with the equations derived…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-25 Samuel Santos-Pérez , Isabel Cordero-Carrión , Pablo Cerdá-Durán

We study gravitational theory in 1+2 spacetime dimensions which is determined by the Lagrangian constructed as a sum of the Einstein-Hilbert term plus the two (translational and rotational) gravitational Chern-Simons terms. When the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Yuri N. Obukhov

The Podolsky generalized electrodynamics with higher derivatives is formulated in the first-order formalism. The first-order relativistic wave equation in the 20-dimensional matrix form is derived. We prove that the matrices of the equation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-20 S. I. Kruglov

We present three-dimensional simulations of Einstein equations implementing a symmetric hyperbolic system of equations with dynamical lapse. The numerical implementation makes use of techniques that guarantee linear numerical stability for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Manuel Tiglio , Luis Lehner , David Neilsen

A Dirac Hamiltonian formulation of d-dimensional Einstein-Hilbert action in first order form, has shown that as well as secondary first class constraints, tertiary first class constraints also arise, with an unusual nonlocal Poisson bracket…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-02-06 R. N. Ghalati

We investigate the well-posedness of the characteristic initial-boundary value problem for the Einstein equations in Bondi-like coordinates (including Bondi, double-null and affine). We propose a definition of strong hyperbolicity of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-11 Carsten Gundlach

We express the vacuum Einstein constraints in terms of differential forms - the forms include one-forms constituting an orthonormal coframe of the spatial metric. We show that if the metric is real-analytic, then the constraints can be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-01 Andrzej Okolow , Jakub Szymankiewicz

We find new classes of exact solutions of the initial momentum constraint for vacuum Einstein's equations. Considered data are either invariant under a continuous symmetry or they are assumed to have the exterior curvature tensor of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-01 J. Tafel , M. Jóźwikowski

We identify a new superintegrable Hamiltonian in 3 degrees of freedom, obtained as a reduction of pure Keplerian motion in 6 dimensions. The new Hamiltonian is a generalization of the Keplerian one, and has the familiar 1/r potential with…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2009-11-13 P. E. Verrier , N. W. Evans