Related papers: Entropy gap and time asymmetry II
Entropy production is a key quantity in any finite-time thermodynamic process. It is intimately tied with the fundamental laws of thermodynamics, embodying a tool to extend thermodynamic considerations all the way to non-equilibrium…
In a glassy system different degrees of freedom have well-separated characteristic times, and are described by different temperatures. The stationary state is essentially non-equilibrium. A generalized statistical thermodynamics is…
The recently introduced models of reionization bubbles based on extended Press-Schechter theory (Furlanetto, Zaldarriaga & Hernquist 2004) are generalized to include mergers of ionization sources. Sources with a recent major merger are…
The dominant source of electromagnetic energy in the Universe today (over ultraviolet, optical and near-infrared wavelengths) is starlight. However, quantifying the amount of starlight produced has proven difficult due to interstellar dust…
Evidence for gas accretion onto galaxies can be found throughout the universe. In this chapter, I summarize the direct and indirect signatures of this process and discuss the primary sources. The evidence for gas accretion includes the star…
The out-of-equilibrium character of active systems is often twofold, arising from both the activity itself and from non-reciprocal couplings between constituents. A well-established measure to quantify the system's distance from equilibrium…
It is well known that entropy production is a proxy to the detection of non-equilibrium, i.e. of the absence of detailed balance; however, due to the global character of this quantity, its knowledge does not allow to identify spatial…
The emerging field of stochastic thermodynamics extends classical ideas of entropy, heat and work to non-equilibrium systems. One notable finding is that the second law of thermodynamics typically only holds after taking appropriate…
In classical Hamiltonian theories, entropy may be understood either as a statistical property of canonical systems, or as a mechanical property, that is, as a monotonic function of the phase space along trajectories. In classical mechanics,…
Renormalization group (RG) improved cosmologies based upon a RG trajectory of Quantum Einstein Gravity (QEG) with realistic parameter values are investigated using a system of cosmological evolution equations which allows for an…
Multiple scalar fields nonminimally interacting through pure affine gravity are considered to generate primordial perturbations during an inflationary phase. The couplings considered give rise to two distinct sources of entropy…
The determination of photospheric abundances in late-type stars from spectroscopic observations is a well-established field, built on solid theoretical foundations. Improving those foundations to refine the accuracy of the inferred…
The entropy production by simple electrical circuits (R, RC, RL) is analyzed. It comes out that the entropy production is minimal, in agreement with a well known theorem due to Prigogine. In this way, it is wrong a recent result by…
We analyze the properties of stars whose interior is described by the stiffest equation of state consistent with causality. We note the remarkable fact that the entropy of such stars scales like the area.
In gravitational thermodynamics, the origin of a black hole's entropy is the topology of its instanton or constrained instanton. We prove that the entropy of an arbitrary nonrotating black hole is one quarter the sum of the products of the…
Galactic and extragalactic objects in the universe are sources of high-energy neutrinos {that may contribute to the astrophysical neutrino signal seen by IceCube.} Recently, a study done using cascade-like events seen by IceCube reported…
Active systems are characterized by a continuous production of entropy at steady state. We study the statistics of entropy production within a lattice-based model of interacting active particles that is capable of motility-induced phase…
This brief report studies the behavior of entropy in two recent models of cosmic evolution by J.A.S. Lima, S. Basilakos, and F.E.M. Costa [Phys. Rev. D \underline{86}, 103534 (2012)], and J. A. S. Lima, S. Basilakos, and J. Sol\'{a}…
It is discussed how the ideas of entropy and the second law of thermodynamics, conceived long ago during the nineteenth century, underly why cosmological dark matter exists and originated in the first three years of the universe in the form…
We explore the possibility that the astrophysical neutrinos are produced in $pp$-interactions with a gas cloud near the source acting as a beam dump, which is sufficiently dense to significantly attenuate the associated gamma-ray flux…