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The Kruskal-Szekeres coordinates construction for the Schwarzschild spacetime could be viewed geometrically as a squeezing of the $t$-line associated with the asymptotic observer into a single point, at the event horizon $r=2M$. Starting…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-02 Ali Fawzi , Dejan Stojkovic

A variety of historical coordinates in which the Schwarzschild metric is regular over the whole of the extended spacetime are compared and the hypersurfaces of constant coordinate are graphically presented. While the Kruscal form (one of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-01-16 W G Unruh

We introduce a coordinate system that complements the Kruskal--Szekeres extension. Like the standard construction, it covers the maximally extended Schwarzschild manifold in its entirety, while offering an additional advantage of expressing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-28 Andrei Galiautdinov

Every general relativity textbook emphasizes that coordinates have no physical meaning. Nevertheless, a coordinate choice must be made in order to carry out real calculations, and that choice can make the difference between a calculation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-03-31 Pierre Fromholz , Eric Poisson , Clifford M. Will

Since its first introduction, the Schwarzschild metric has been written in various coordinate systems. This has been done primarily to understand the nature of the coordinate singularity at the event horizon. However, very often, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-09-10 Tarun Biswas

Starting from the Einstein equations in Schwarzschild-de Sitter (SdS) spacetime and imposing Friedmann-Robertson-Walker coordinates at large distances, we find two coordinate systems with time-dependent metrics that are smooth across both…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-16 Leonardo de Lima , Davi C. Rodrigues

Among the coordinates used to construct a conformal compactification of the Schwarzschild spacetime, none of them simultaneously extend smoothly both through an event horizon and beyond null infinity.To construct such coordinates, instead…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-01-08 Jakub Haláček , Tomáš Ledvinka

We formulate the concept of time machine structure for spacetimes exhibiting a compactely constructed region with closed timelike curves. After reviewing essential properties of the pseudo Schwarzschild spacetime introduced by A. Ori, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-01-05 Jürgen Dietz , Alexander Dirmeier , Mike Scherfner

Starting from a general transformation for spherically symmetric metrics where g\_11=-1/g\_00, we analyze coordinates with the common property of conformal flatness at constant solid angle element. Three general possibilities arise: one…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-29 E. A. León , J. A. Nieto , A. Sandoval-Rodríguez , B. Martínez-Olivas

A strict derivation of the Schwarzschild metric, based solely on Newton's law of free fall and the equivalence principle, is presented. In the light of it, regarding Schwarzschild's coordinates as representing the point of view of a distant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Czerniawski

We describe a simple family of analytical coordinate systems for the Schwarzschild spacetime. The coordinates penetrate the horizon smoothly and are spatially isotropic. Spatial slices of constant coordinate time $t$ feature a trumpet…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-19 Kenneth A. Dennison , Thomas W. Baumgarte

The Painleve-Gullstrand coordinates are extended to describe the black hole in the cosmological environment: the Schwarzschild-de-Sitter black hole, which has two horizons. The extension is made using the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner formalism. In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-25 G. E. Volovik

The Painleve-Gullstrand coordinates provide a convenient framework for presenting the Schwarzschild geometry because of their flat constant-time hypersurfaces, and the fact that they are free of coordinate singularities outside r=0.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-01-03 Tehani K. Finch

The spherically symmetric Einstein-Vlasov system in Schwarzschild coordinates (i.e. polar slicing and areal radial coordinate) is considered. An improved continuation criterion for global existence of classical solutions is given. Two other…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-08-04 Hakan Andreasson

We present a discussion of the periodicity in imaginary time of maximally extended black hole spacetimes without reference to Euclidean manifolds. As motivation, we first demonstrate our approach for the Rindler geometry in flat space…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-28 Bernardo Araneda , Bernard F. Whiting

An obstruction to the implementation of spatially flat Painleve-Gullstrand(PG) slicings is demonstrated, and explicitly discussed for Reissner-Nordstrom and Schwarzschild-anti-deSitter spacetimes. Generalizations of PG slicings which are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-02-02 Chun-Yu Lin , Chopin Soo

A promising way to introduce general relativity in the classroom is to study the physical implications of certain given metrics, such as the Schwarzschild one. This involves lower mathematical expenditure than an approach focusing on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-09-14 Klaus Kassner

The method of simple straightforward calculation of the curvature tensor of the Finsleroid--regular space is indicated. The Schwarzschild metric which underlines the gravitational field produced by static spherical-symmetric body is shown…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-12-05 G. S. Asanov

We investigate a foliation of Schwarzschild spacetime determined by observers freely falling in the radial direction. This is described using a generalisation of Gullstrand-Painlev\'e coordinates which allows for any possible radial…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-05 Colin MacLaurin

We find a specific coordinate system that goes from the Painlev\'e-Gullstrand partial extension to the Kruskal-Szekeres maximal extension and thus exhibit the maximal extension of the Schwarzschild metric in a unified picture. We do this by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-01 José P. S. Lemos , Diogo L. F. G. Silva
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