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The definition of well-behaved coordinate charts for black hole spacetimes can be tricky, as they can lead for example to either unphysical coordinate singularities in the metric (e.g. $r=2M$ in the Schwarzschild black hole) or to an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-20 Emanuel Gallo , Carlos Kozameh , Thomas Mädler , Osvaldo M. Moreschi , Alejandro Pérez

It is a well-known fact that the Schwarzschild spacetime admits a maximal spacetime extension in null coordinates which extends the exterior Schwarzschild region past the Killing horizon, called the Kruskal-Szekeres extension. This method…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-04 Carla Cederbaum , Markus Wolff

We construct a coordinate system for the Kerr solution, based on the zero angular momentum observers dropped from infinity, which generalizes the Painleve-Gullstrand coordinate system for the Schwarzschild solution. The Kerr metric can then…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-02-05 Jose Natario

In this pedagogical note, the Kruskal - Szekeres completion of the Schwarzschild spacetime is obtained explicitly in a few steps.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-10-10 Kayll Lake

The theory of gauge-invariant non-spherical metric perturbations of Schwarzschild black hole spacetimes is now well established. Yet, as different notations and conventions have been used throughout the years, the literature on the subject…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-08 Alessandro Nagar , Luciano Rezzolla

We analyze the transformation of a very broad class of metrics that can be expressed in terms of static coordinates. Starting from a general ansatz, we obtain a relation for the parameters in which one can impose further symmetries or…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-19 Edgar A. León , Andrés Sandoval-Rodríguez

The Kruskal - Szekeres (KS) completion of the Schwarzschild spacetime is open to Synge's methodological criticism that the KS procedure generates "good" coordinates from "bad". This is addressed here in two ways: First I generate the KS…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-18 Kayll Lake

We construct coordinate systems that cover all of the Reissner-Nordstroem solution with m>|q| and m=|q|, respectively. This is possible by means of elementary analytical functions. The limit of vanishing charge q provides an alternative to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 T. Kloesch , T. Strobl

Most general relativity textbooks devote considerable space to the simplest example of a black hole containing a singularity, the Schwarzschild geometry. However only a few discuss the dynamical process of gravitational collapse, by which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 R. J. Adler , J. D. Bjorken , P. Chen , J. S. Liu

We define a completely new space-time starting from the well known Schwarzschild Space time by defining a new polar angle $\phi '= \phi - \omega t$ and then redefining the periodicity: instead of demanding that the original angle be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-31 Arka Prabha Banik , Eduardo Guendelman

The total spacetime manifold for a Schwarzschild black hole (BH) is described by the Kruskal coordinates u=u(r,t) and v=v(r,t), where r and t are the conventional Schwarzschild radial and time coordinates respectively. The relationship…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Abhas Mitra

Since Schwarzshild discovered the point-mass solution to Einstein's equations that bears his name, many equivalent forms of the metric have been catalogued. Using an elementary coordinate transformation, we derive the most general form for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Matthew R. Francis , Arthur Kosowsky

We discuss how to construct the full Schwarzschild (Kruskal-Szekeres) spacetime in one swoop by using the bundle of orthonormal Lorentz frames and the Einstein equation without the use of coordinates. We never have to write down the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-02-04 Orlando Alvarez

In a previous paper we have considered the Regge-Wheeler equation for fields of spin $s=0$, $1$ or $2$ on the Schwarzschild spacetime in coordinates that are regular at the horizon. In particular, we have constructed in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-28 Dennis Philipp , Volker Perlick

The exterior and interior Schwarzschild solutions are rewritten replacing the usual radial variable with an angular one. This allows to obtain some results otherwise less apparent or even hidden in other coordinate systems.

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 A. G. Agnese , M. La Camera

We propose a quantum experiment to measure with high precision the Schwarzschild space-time parameters of the Earth. The scheme can also be applied to measure distances by taking into account the curvature of the Earth's space-time. As a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-05 David Edward Bruschi , Animesh Datta , Rupert Ursin , Timothy C. Ralph , Ivette Fuentes

The Schwarzschild geometry is investigated within the context of effective-field-theory models of gravity. Starting from its harmonic-coordinate expression, we derive the metric in standard coordinates by keeping the leading one-loop…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-08 Emmanuele Battista

We present new, simple analytical formulas to accurately describe light rays in spherically symmetric static spacetimes. These formulas extend those introduced by Beloborodov and refined by Poutanen for the Schwarzschild metric. Our…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-25 Jonathan Claros , Emanuel Gallo

We introduce a new family of horizon-penetrating coordinate systems for the Schwarzschild black hole geometry featuring time coordinates that are Cauchy temporal functions for which the level sets are smooth, asymptotically flat, spacelike…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-18 Christian Röken

I derive a smooth and global Kruskal-Szekeres coordinate chart for the maximal extension of the non-extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om geometry that provides a generalization to the standard inner and outer Kruskal-Szekeres coordinates. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-04 Farshid Soltani