Related papers: On Invariance and Convergence in Time Complexity t…
Any class of languages $\mathbf{L}$ accepted in time $\mathbf{T}$ has a counterpart $\mathbf{NL}$ accepted in nondeterministic time $\mathbf{NT}$. It follows from the definition of nondeterministic languages that $\mathbf{L} \subseteq…
This paper talk about that NP is not AL and P, P is not NC, NC is not NL, and NL is not L. The point about this paper is the depend relation of the problem that need other problem's result to compute it. I show the structure of depend…
For a class of stationary regularly varying and weakly dependent time series, we prove the so-called complete convergence result for the corresponding space-time point processes. As an application of our main theorem, we give a simple proof…
In this article, we shall describe some of the most interesting topics in the subject of Complexity Science for a general audience. Anyone with a solid foundation in high school mathematics (with some calculus) and an elementary…
A fundamental result in psycholinguistics is that less predictable words take a longer time to process. One theoretical explanation for this finding is Surprisal Theory (Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008), which quantifies a word's predictability as…
The prevalent interpretation of G\"odel's Second Theorem states that a sufficiently adequate and consistent theory does not prove its consistency. It is however not entirely clear how to justify this informal reading, as the formulation of…
This article presents a general solution to the problem of computational complexity. First, it gives a historical introduction to the problem since the revival of the foundational problems of mathematics at the end of the 19th century.…
In this paper we prove Chaitin's ``heuristic principle'', {\it the theorems of a finitely-specified theory cannot be significantly more complex than the theory itself}, for an appropriate measure of complexity. We show that the measure is…
It is well-known that for any non-constant polynomial $P$ with integer coefficients the sequence $(P(n))_{ n\in \mathbb N}$ has the property that there are infinitely many prime numbers dividing at least one term of this sequence.…
We analyse preference inference, through consistency, for general preference languages based on lexicographic models. We identify a property, which we call strong compositionality, that applies for many natural kinds of preference…
Meaning is context-dependent, but many properties of language (should) remain the same even if we transform the context. For example, sentiment, entailment, or speaker properties should be the same in a translation and original of a text.…
Nearly linear recurrences are a generalisation of linear recurrences and are instances of linear time-invariant systems in control theory and linear constraint loops in program analysis. In this paper we formulate the Positivity Problem for…
This text is devoted to the theory of varieties, which provides an important tool, based in universal algebra, for the classification of regular languages. In the introductory section, we present a number of examples that illustrate and…
As is the case of many signals produced by complex systems, language presents a statistical structure that is balanced between order and disorder. Here we review and extend recent results from quantitative characterisations of the degree of…
We study density of rational languages under shift invariant probability measures on spaces of two-sided infinite words, which generalizes the classical notion of density studied in formal languages and automata theory. The density for a…
We give an algorithm A which assigns probabilities to logical sentences. For any simple infinite sequence of sentences whose truth-values appear indistinguishable from a biased coin that outputs "true" with probability p, we have that the…
If an infinite non-periodic word is uniformly recurrent or is of bounded repetition, then the limit of its periodicity complexity is infinity. Moreover, there are uniformly recurrent words with the periodicity complexity arbitrarily high at…
We study the P versus NP problem through properties of functions and monoids, continuing the work of [3]. Here we consider inverse monoids whose properties and relationships determine whether P is different from NP, or whether injective…
This article reviews and develops an epistemological tradition in the philosophy of science, known as convergentism, which holds that inference methods should be assessed based on their ability to converge to the truth across a range of…
We show that three fixed point structures equipped with (sequential) composition, a sum operation, and a fixed point operation share the same valid equations. These are the theories of (context-free) languages, (regular) tree languages, and…