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In this paper we introduce the so-called Generalized Naive Bayes structure as an extension of the Naive Bayes structure. We give a new greedy algorithm that finds a good fitting Generalized Naive Bayes (GNB) probability distribution. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-29 Edith Alice Kovács , Anna Ország , Dániel Pfeifer , András Benczúr

This expository paper advocates an approach to physics in which ``typicality" is identified with a suitable form of algorithmic randomness. To this end various theorems from mathematics and physics are reviewed. Their original versions…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-09-06 Klaas Landsman

The usual stochastic order and the likelihood ratio order between probability distributions on the real line are reviewed in full generality. In addition, for the distribution of a random pair $(X,Y)$, it is shown that the conditional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-08 Lutz Duembgen , Alexandre Moesching

We analyze selected iterated conditionals in the framework of conditional random quantities. We point out that it is instructive to examine Lewis's triviality result, which shows the conditions a conditional must satisfy for its probability…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-17 Giuseppe Sanfilippo , Angelo Gilio , David Over , Niki Pfeifer

The Prisoner's Dilemma game (PDG) is one of the simple test-beds for the probabilistic nature of the human decision-making process. Behavioral experiments have been conducted on this game for decades and show a violation of the so-called…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Nematollah Farhadi Mahalli , Onur Pusuluk

Self-stabilization is a strong property that guarantees that a network always resume correct behavior starting from an arbitrary initial state. Weaker guarantees have later been introduced to cope with impossibility results: probabilistic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2009-09-29 Stéphane Devismes , Sébastien Tixeuil , Masafumi Yamashita

A new formulation of quantum mechanics is proposed based on a new principle that can be considered a generalization of the Born rule. The principle is composed of a mathematical expression and an associated interpretation, and establishes a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-31 Bruno Galvan

Possibilistic logic offers a qualitative framework for representing pieces of information associated with levels of uncertainty of priority. The fusion of multiple sources information is discussed in this setting. Different classes of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Salem Benferhat , Didier Dubois , Souhila Kaci , Henri Prade

A generalized information formula related to logical probability and fuzzy set is deduced from the classical information formula. The new information measure accords with to Popper's criterion for knowledge evolution very much. In…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-25 Chenguang Lu

In this paper some initial work towards a new approach to qualitative reasoning under uncertainty is presented. This method is not only applicable to qualitative probabilistic reasoning, as is the case with other methods, but also allows…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-08 Simon Parsons , E. H. Mamdani

We prove that a random choice rule satisfies Luce's Choice Axiom if and only if its support is a choice correspondence that satisfies the Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference, thus it consists of alternatives that are optimal according to some…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-05-11 Simone Cerreia-Vioglio , Per Olov Lindberg , Fabio Maccheroni , Massimo Marinacci , Aldo Rustichini

I tentatively suggest that the superposition principle of quantum mechanics is explicable in a mathematically natural way if it is possible to understand probability amplitudes as complex-valued logarithms. This notion is inspired by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Kent A. Peacock

Stereotypical reasoning assumes that the situation at hand is one of a kind and that it enjoys the properties generally associated with that kind of situation. It is one of the most basic forms of nonmonotonic reasoning. A formal model for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Daniel Lehmann

The purpose of this article is to formulate a number of probabilistic hidden-variable theorems, to provide proofs in some cases, and counterexamples to some conjectured relationships. The first theorem is the fundamental one. It asserts the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 Patrick Suppes , J. Acacio de Barros , Gary Oas

A rigorous general definition of quantum probability is given, which is valid for elementary events and for composite events, for operationally testable measurements as well as for inconclusive measurements, and also for non-commuting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-12 V. I. Yukalov , D. Sornette

The propositional logic is generalized on the real numbers field. the logical function with all properties of the classical probability function is obtained. The logical analog of the Bernoulli independent tests scheme is constructed. The…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 G. A. Quznetsov

We adopt an empirical approach to the characterization of the distribution of twin primes within the set of primes, rather than in the set of all natural numbers. The occurrences of twin primes in any finite sequence of primes are like…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 P. F. Kelly , Terry Pilling

In this paper we deal with a new approach to probabilistic reasoning in a logical framework. Nearly almost all logics of probability that have been proposed in the literature are based on classical two-valued logic. After making clear the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Petr Hajek , Lluis Godo , Francesc Esteva

A general approach is established for deriving one-shot performance bounds for information-theoretic problems on general alphabets beyond countable alphabets. It is mainly based on the quantization idea and a novel form of "likelihood…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-12 Shengtian Yang , Thomas Honold , Zhaoyang Zhang

The aim of this paper is to present an elementary computable theory of random variables, based on the approach to probability via valuations. The theory is based on a type of lower-measurable sets, which are controlled limits of open sets,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Pieter Collins