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Related papers: Lower Bounds for Zero-knowledge on the Internet

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This is the full version of a paper submitted to the Computability in Europe (CiE 2023) conference, with all proofs omitted there. In 2012 P. D. Azar and S. Micali introduced a new model of interactive proofs, called "Rational Interactive…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Daniil Musatov , Georgii Potapov

I relax the standard assumptions of transitivity and partition structure in economic models of information to formalize vague knowledge: non-transitive indistinguishability over states. I show that vague knowledge, while failing to…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-01-09 Kerry Xiao

In this paper, the problem of communication over an essentially unknown channel, which is known to be able to communicate a source to a destination to within a certain distortion level, is considered from a behavioral, interconnection…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Mukul Agarwal , Sanjoy Mitter , Anant Sahai

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in settings where the available context is incomplete or degraded. We argue that an LLM generating answers under incomplete context can be viewed as an implicit imputer, and evaluated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-14 Stef van Buuren

This paper investigates the power of quantum statistical zero knowledge interactive proof systems in the relativized setting. We prove the existence of an oracle relative to which quantum statistical zero-knowledge does not contain UP…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Sanketh Menda , John Watrous

The best currently known interactive debugging systems rely upon some meta-information in terms of fault probabilities in order to improve their efficiency. However, misleading meta information might result in a dramatic decrease of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-07 Patrick Rodler , Kostyantyn Shchekotykhin , Philipp Fleiss , Gerhard Friedrich

In the context of cloud computing, services are held on cloud servers, where the clients send their data to the server and obtain the results returned by server. However, the computation, data and results are prone to tampering due to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Yancheng Zhang , Mengxin Zheng , Xun Chen , Jingtong Hu , Weidong Shi , Lei Ju , Yan Solihin , Qian Lou

We combine interactive zero-knowledge protocols and weak physical layer randomness properties to construct a protocol which allows bootstrapping an IT-secure and PF-secure channel from a memorizable shared secret. The protocol also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-06-27 Oleksandr Nikitin

The escalating complexity of cybersecurity threats necessitates innovative approaches to safeguard digital assets and sensitive information. The Zero Trust paradigm offers a transformative solution by challenging conventional security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Saeid Ghasemshirazi , Ghazaleh Shirvani , Mohammad Ali Alipour

The stable combination of optimal feedback policies with online learning is studied in a new control-theoretic framework for uncertain nonlinear systems. The framework can be systematically used in transfer learning and sim-to-real…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-13 Brett T. Lopez , Jean-Jacques E. Slotine

Zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) is a fundamental cryptographic primitive that allows a prover to convince a verifier of the validity of a statement without leaking any further information. As an efficient variant of ZKP, non-interactive…

Reasoning about knowledge seems to play a fundamental role in distributed systems. Indeed, such reasoning is a central part of the informal intuitive arguments used in the design of distributed protocols. Communication in a distributed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joseph Y. Halpern , Yoram Moses

When a proposition has no proof in an inference system, it is sometimes useful to build a counter-proof explaining, step by step, the reason of this non-provability. In general, this counter-proof is a (possibly) infinite co-inductive proof…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Gilles Dowek , Ying Jiang

The rapid development of LLMs has sparked extensive research into their factual knowledge. Current works find that LLMs fall short on questions around low-frequency entities. However, such proofs are unreliable since the questions can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Qing Zong , Zhaowei Wang , Tianshi Zheng , Xiyu Ren , Yangqiu Song

As modern computing moves towards smaller devices and powerful cloud platforms, more and more computation is being delegated to powerful service providers. Interactive proofs are a widely-used model to design efficient protocols for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Jing Chen , Samuel McCauley , Shikha Singh

This paper explores how zero-knowledge proofs can enhance Bitcoin's functionality and privacy. First, we consider Proof-of-Reserve schemes: by using zk-STARKs, a custodian can prove its Bitcoin holdings are more than a predefined threshold…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yusuf Ozmiş

One of the main weaknesses of current chatbots or dialogue systems is that they do not learn online during conversations after they are deployed. This is a major loss of opportunity. Clearly, each human user has a great deal of knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Bing Liu , Chuhe Mei

Interactive-proof games model the scenario where an honest party interacts with powerful but strategic provers, to elicit from them the correct answer to a computational question. Interactive proofs are increasingly used as a framework to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Jing Chen , Samuel McCauley , Shikha Singh

This work presents a framework for assessing whether large language models (LLMs) encode more factual knowledge in their parameters than what they express in their outputs. While a few studies hint at this possibility, none has clearly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Zorik Gekhman , Eyal Ben David , Hadas Orgad , Eran Ofek , Yonatan Belinkov , Idan Szpektor , Jonathan Herzig , Roi Reichart

There is a close relationship between the communication complexity and information complexity of communication problems, as demonstrated by results such as Shannon's noiseless source coding theorem, and the Slepian-Wolf theorem. Here, we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Gurleen Padda , Dave Touchette