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Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has become established as a powerful and a versatile tool for investigating local mechanical properties. In addition, it has been made possible to take advantage of the AFM tip-sample interaction, to perturb,…
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) methods utilizing resonant mechanical vibrations of cantilevers in contact with a sample surface have shown sensitivities as high as few picometers for detecting surface displacements. Such a high sensitivity…
Noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) have become important tools for nanotechnology; however, their contrast mechanisms on the atomic scale are not entirely understood. Here we used chlorine…
The functional properties of many technological surfaces in biotechnology, electronics, and mechanical engineering depend to a large degree on the individual features of their nanoscale surface texture, which in turn are a function of the…
Atomic Force Microscopy - Infrared (AFM-IR) has emerged as a useful technique for measuring absorption spectra with spatial resolution better than the optical diffraction limit. The technique relies on the movement of a probe for atomic…
Ultrasound Atomic Force Microscopy (US-AFM) has been used for subsurface imaging of nanostructures. The contact stiffness variations have been suggested as the origin of the image contrast. Therefore, to analyze the image contrast, the…
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is widely used to measure surface topography of solid, soft, and living matter at the nanoscale. Moreover, by mapping forces as a function of distance to the surface, AFM can provide a wealth of information…
We suggest simple model of image formation in atomic force microscope (AFM) taking into account contact deformations of probe and sample during scanning. The model explains the possibility of AFM visualization of regular atomic or molecular…
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been constantly supporting nanosciences and nanotechnologies for over 30 years, being present in many fields from condensed matter physics to biology. It enables measuring very weak forces at the nanoscale,…
The interaction between a rapidly oscillating atomic force microscope tip and a soft material surface is described using both elastic and viscous forces with a moving surface model. We derive the simplest form of this model, motivating it…
A numerical analysis of the origin of the atomic-scale contrast in Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is presented. Atomistic simulations of the tip-sample interaction force field have been combined with a non-contact Atomic Force…
Surface wettability has a huge influence on its functional properties. For example, to minimize smudging, surfaces should be able to repel oil droplets. To quantify surface wettability, the most common approach is to measure the contact…
The characteristic tip_substrate capacitance is crucial for understanding the localized electrical properties in atomic force microscopy (AFM). Since it is highly dependent on tip geometrical features, estimation of the tip_substrate…
A novel method for measuring the surface coverage of randomly distributed cylindrical nanoparticles such as nanorods and nanowires, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), is presented. The method offers several advantages over existing…
We present polynomial force reconstruction from experimental intermodulation atomic force microscopy (ImAFM) data. We study the tip-surface force during a slow surface approach and compare the results with amplitude-dependence force…
We demonstrate the application of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) based optical force microscopy to map the optical near-fields with nanometer resolution, limited only by the AFM probe geometry. We map the electric field distributions of…
We perform simulations and experiments on an oscillating atomic force microscope cantilever approaching a surface, where the intermodulation response of the cantilever driven with two pure harmonic tones is investigated. In the simulations,…
This article reviews the progress of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in ultra-high vacuum, starting with its invention and covering most of the recent developments. Today, dynamic force microscopy allows to image surfaces of conductors…
Background forces are linear long-range interactions of the cantilever body with its surroundings that must be compensated for in order to reveal tip-surface force, the quantity of interest for determining material properties in atomic…
An atomic force microscope (AFM) is capable of producing ultra-high resolution measurements of nanoscopic objects and forces. It is an indispensable tool for various scientific disciplines such as molecular engineering, solid-state physics,…