Related papers: From microscopic dynamics to macroscopic irreversi…
I show that non-decreasing entropy provides a necessary and sufficient condition to convert the state of a physical system into a different state by a reversible transformation that acts on the system of interest and a further "catalyst"…
The von Neumann entropy of a $k$-body reduced density matrix $\gamma_k$ quantifies the entanglement between $k$ quantum particles and the remaining ones. In this short paper, we rigorously prove general properties of this entanglement…
Collections of self-propelled particles that move persistently by continuously consuming free energy are a paradigmatic example of active matter. In these systems, unlike Brownian "hot colloids", the breakdown of detailed balance yields a…
*First-principles derivation of the entropy production in erectric static conduction. *The second-order (symmetric) density matrix contributes to the entropy production. *New schemes of steady states formulated using a relaxation-type von…
Active matter describes systems whose constituents convert energy from their surroundings into directed motion, such as bacteria or catalytic colloids. We establish a thermodynamic law for dilute suspensions of interacting active particles…
Entropy production quantifies the breaking of time-reversal symmetry in non-equilibrium systems. Here, we develop a direct method to obtain closed, tractable expressions for entropy production in a broad class of dynamical density…
The physical foundations of a variety of emerging technologies --- ranging from the applications of quantum entanglement in quantum information to the applications of nonequilibrium bulk and interface phenomena in microfluidics, biology,…
Typically, the entropy of an isolated system in equilibrium is calculated by counting the number of accessible microstates, or in more general cases by using the Gibbs formula. In irreversible processes entropy spontaneously increases and…
The definition of nonequilibrium entropy is provided for the general nonequilibrium processes by connecting thermodynamics with statistical physics, and the principle of entropy increment in the nonequilibrium processes is also proved in…
Entropy production is a key quantity in any finite-time thermodynamic process. It is intimately tied with the fundamental laws of thermodynamics, embodying a tool to extend thermodynamic considerations all the way to non-equilibrium…
The Von Neumann entropy of reduced states is a measure of bipartite entanglement. Despite its name, the entanglement entropy cannot by itself be used as a resource for creating thermodynamic heat flows. In order to extract heat from an…
By making use of a recently proposed framework for the inference of thermodynamic irreversibility in bosonic quantum systems, we experimentally measure and characterize the entropy production rates in the non-equilibrium steady state of two…
Entropy is a fundamental concept in equilibrium statistical mechanics, yet its origin in the non-equilibrium dynamics of isolated quantum systems is not fully understood. A strong consensus is emerging around the idea that the stationary…
Active biological systems reside far from equilibrium, dissipating heat even in their steady state, thus requiring an extension of conventional equilibrium thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. In this Letter, we have extended the…
The entropy production is commonly interpreted as measuring the distance from equilibrium. However, this explanation lacks a rigorous description due to the absence of a natural equilibrium measure. The present analysis formalizes this…
Irreversibility is a fundamental concept with important implications at many levels. It pinpoints the fundamental difference between the intrinsically reversible microscopic equations of motion and the unidirectional arrow of time that…
Entropy is one of the key thermodynamic variables reflecting changes in the state of matter. Unlike other thermodynamic variables, it is well-defined also for nonequilibrium steady states through its relation to information. Applying this…
We show for a large class of interacting particle systems that whenever the stationary measure is not reversible for the dynamics, then the mean entropy production in the steady state is strictly positive. This extends to the thermodynamic…
The selection of an equilibrium state by maximising the entropy of a system, subject to certain constraints, is often powerfully motivated as an exercise in logical inference, a procedure where conclusions are reached on the basis of…
The expression for the density operator of the damped harmonic oscillator is derived from the master equation in the framework of the Lindblad theory for open quantum systems. Then the von Neumann entropy and effective temperature of the…