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In 1998, B\"{o}cker and Dress gave a 1-to-1 correspondence between symbolically dated rooted trees and symbolic ultrametrics. We consider the corresponding problem for unrooted trees. More precisely, given a tree $T$ with leaf set $X$ and a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-19 Stefan Grünewald , Yangjing Long , Yaokun Wu

For a poset P, a subposet A, and an order preserving map F from A into the real numbers, the marked order polytope parametrizes the order preserving extensions of F to P. We show that the function counting integral-valued extensions is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-21 Katharina Jochemko , Raman Sanyal

We consider rooted subgraphs in random graphs, i.e., extension counts such as (i) the number of triangles containing a given vertex or (ii) the number of paths of length three connecting two given vertices. In 1989, Spencer gave sufficient…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-14 Matas Šileikis , Lutz Warnke

Scattering amplitudes for colored theories have recently been formulated in a new way, in terms of curves on surfaces. In this note we describe a canonical set of functions we call surface functions, associated to all orders in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-08 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Hadleigh Frost , Giulio Salvatori

The list coloring problem is a variation of the classical vertex coloring problem, extensively studied in recent years, where each vertex has a restricted list of allowed colors, and having some variations as the $(\gamma,\mu)$-coloring,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-01-01 Simone Gama , Rosiane de Freitas , Mário Salvatierra

We report on enumerating the triangulations of cyclic polytopes with the new software mptopcom. This is relevant for its connection with higher Stasheff-Tamari orders, which occur in category theory and algebraic combinatorics.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-30 Michael Joswig , Lars Kastner

It was conjectured by the third author in about 1973 that every $d$-regular planar graph (possibly with parallel edges) can be $d$-edge-coloured, provided that for every odd set $X$ of vertices, there are at least $d$ edges between $X$ and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-09-07 Maria Chudnovsky , Katherine Edwards , Paul Seymour

We show that any planar drawing of a forest of three stars whose vertices are constrained to be at fixed vertex locations may require $\Omega(n^\frac{2}{3})$ edges each having $\Omega(n^\frac{1}{3})$ bends in the worst case. The lower bound…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-08-31 Emilio Di Giacomo , Leszek Gasieniec , Giuseppe Liotta , Alfredo Navarra

The degree chromatic polynomial $Pm(G,k)$ of a graph $G$ counts the number of $k$-colorings in which no vertex has $m$ adjacent vertices of its same color. We prove Humpert and Martin's conjecture on the leading terms of the degree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-20 Diego Cifuentes

This paper summarizes our latest understanding and results about the application of the Mathematics Of Enumeration to Tanner Graphs that have a regular structure called Balanced Tanner Graphs. Some preliminaries of permutation groups have…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-01-01 Vivek S Nittoor , Reiji Suda

A survey of enumeration problems arising from the study of graphs formed when the edges of a polygon are marked with evenly spaced points and every pair of points is joined by a line. A few of these problems have been solved, a classical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-24 Lars Blomberg , Scott R. Shannon , N. J. A. Sloane

We study range-searching for colored objects, where one has to count (approximately) the number of colors present in a query range. The problems studied mostly involve orthogonal range-searching in two and three dimensions, and the dual…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-03-22 Saladi Rahul

An approach of using RGB-tilings for proving the Four Color Theorem discussed in three previous work is expanded in this paper. A novel methodology and revisions for the methodology in the three aforementioned papers are discussed, and a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-24 Shu-Chung Liu

We present bijections for planar maps with boundaries. In particular, we obtain bijections for triangulations and quadrangulations of the sphere with boundaries of prescribed lengths. For triangulations we recover the beautiful factorized…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-15 Olivier Bernardi , Éric Fusy

We describe how to construct a spanning set of linearly-independent, automatically orthogonal colour tensors for scattering amplitudes involving coloured particles transforming under arbitrary representations of any gauge theory, sufficient…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-01 Jacob L. Bourjaily , Michael Plesser , Cristian Vergu

The problem of map enumeration concerns counting connected spatial graphs, with a specified number $j$ of vertices, that can be embedded in a compact surface of genus $g$ in such a way that its complement yields a cellular decomposition of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-09 Nicholas Ercolani , Joceline Lega , Brandon Tippings

A common theme of enumerative combinatorics is formed by counting functions that are polynomials evaluated at positive integers. In this expository paper, we focus on four families of such counting functions connected to hyperplane…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-10-07 Matthias Beck

Triangulation graph staining is sufficient for planar graph staining. This article will focus on triangulation and the nature of the color change channel of the staining tool. By construction, the four colors of the vertex are converted…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2019-01-28 Rundong Gan

We introduce a notion of Dyck paths with coloured ascents. For several ways of colouring, we establish bijections between sets of such paths and other combinatorial structures, such as non-crossing trees, dissections of a convex polygon,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Andrei Asinowski , Toufik Mansour

The well-known Steinberg's conjecture asserts that any planar graph without 4- and 5-cycles is 3 colorable. In this note we have given a short algorithmic proof of this conjecture based on the spiral chains of planar graphs proposed in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 I. Cahit