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We describe an empirical approach to identify low-weight combinations of columns of the decoding matrices of a quantum circuit-level noise model, for which belief-propagation (BP) algorithms converge possibly very slowly. Focusing on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Haggai Landa

The minimum weight perfect matching (MWPM) decoder is the standard decoding strategy for quantum surface codes. However, it suffers a harsh decrease in performance when subjected to biased or non-identical quantum noise. In this work, we…

We show in this work that reinforcement learning can be successfully applied to decoding short to moderate length sparse graph-based channel codes. Specifically, we focus on low-density parity check (LDPC) codes, which for example have been…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Salman Habib , Allison Beemer , Joerg Kliewer

In this paper, we propose a new class of bit flipping algorithms for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over the binary symmetric channel (BSC). Compared to the regular (parallel or serial) bit flipping algorithms, the proposed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Dung Viet Nguyen , Bane Vasic , Michael W. Marcellin

Here we have proposed two decoding strategies of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over Markov noise channels with bit flipping noise. The sum-product algorithm used for decoding LDPC codes over memoryless channels is extended to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-20 Mohit Kumar

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are an important feature of several communication and storage applications, offering a flexible and effective method for error correction. These codes are computationally complex and require the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Oscar Ferraz , Vitor Silva , Gabriel Falcao

This paper presents a partially parallel low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder designed for the 5G New Radio (NR) standard. The design is using a multi-block parallel architecture with a flooding schedule. The decoder can support any code…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-12 Sina Pourjabar , Gwan S. Choi

We describe a novel approach to interpret a polar code as a low-density parity-check (LDPC)-like code with an underlying sparse decoding graph. This sparse graph is based on the encoding factor graph of polar codes and is suitable for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Sebastian Cammerer , Moustafa Ebada , Ahmed Elkelesh , Stephan ten Brink

The error floor phenomenon observed with LDPC codes and their graph-based, iterative, message-passing (MP) decoders is commonly attributed to the existence of error-prone substructures -- variously referred to as near codewords, trapping…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-09-11 Xiaojie Zhang , Paul H. Siegel

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding for a multitude of equal-capacity channels is studied. First, based on numerous observations, a conjecture is stated that when the belief propagation decoder converges on a set of equal-capacity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Ali Sanaei , Mahdi Ramezani , Masoud Ardakani

Low decoding latency and complexity are two important requirements of channel codes used in many applications, like machine-to-machine communications. In this paper, we show how these requirements can be fulfilled by using some special…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Massimo Battaglioni , Alireza Tasdighi , Marco Baldi , Mohammad H. Tadayon , Franco Chiaraluce

In Linear Programming (LP) decoding of a Low-Density-Parity-Check (LDPC) code one minimizes a linear functional, with coefficients related to log-likelihood ratios, over a relaxation of the polytope spanned by the codewords \cite{03FWK}. In…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Michael Chertkov , Mikhail G. Stepanov

We propose a novel construction of product codes for high-density magnetic recording based on binary low-density parity check (LDPC) codes and binary image of Reed Solomon (RS) codes. Moreover, two novel algorithms are proposed to decode…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-01-06 Vo Tam Van , Seiichi Mita

Multiple reads of the same Flash memory cell with distinct word-line voltages provide enhanced precision for LDPC decoding. In this paper, the word-line voltages are optimized by maximizing the mutual information (MI) of the quantized…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-20 Jiadong Wang , Kasra Vakilinia , Tsung-Yi Chen , Thomas Courtade , Guiqiang Dong , Tong Zhang , Hari Shankar , Richard Wesel

Quantum error correction (QEC) is a cornerstone of quantum computing, enabling reliable information processing in the presence of noise. Sparse stabilizer codes -- referred to generally as quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes --…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Bane Vasic , Valentin Savin , Michele Pacenti , Shantom Borah , Nithin Raveendran

We study analytically and numerically decoding properties of finite rate hypergraph-product quantum LDPC codes obtained from random (3,4)-regular Gallager codes, with a simple model of independent X and Z errors. Several non-trival lower…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-14 Alexey A. Kovalev , Sanjay Prabhakar , Ilya Dumer , Leonid P. Pryadko

Spatially Coupled Low-Density Parity-Check (SC-LDPC) codes offer excellent decoding performance and can be elegantly decoded with a Windowed Decoder (WD). We determine an efficient WD configuration with low control overhead. For fair…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-28 Janik Frenzel , Stefan Müller-Weinfurtner , Johannes Huber , Ralf Müller

This paper considers density evolution for lowdensity parity-check (LDPC) and multi-edge type low-density parity-check (MET-LDPC) codes over the binary input additive white Gaussian noise channel. We first analyze three singleparameter…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-17 Sachini Jayasooriya , Mahyar Shirvanimoghaddam , Lawrence Ong , Gottfried Lechner , Sarah J. Johnson

We propose a deterministic method to design irregular Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes for binary erasure channels (BEC). Compared to the existing methods, which are based on the application of asymptomatic analysis tools such as…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-01-24 Hamid Saeedi , Amir H. Banihashemi

We prove that approximating the size of stopping and trapping sets in Tanner graphs of linear block codes, and more restrictively, the class of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, is NP-hard. The ramifications of our findings are that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-08-03 Andrew McGregor , Olgica Milenkovic