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Inter-coder agreement measures, like Cohen's kappa, correct the relative frequency of agreement between coders to account for agreement which simply occurs by chance. However, in some situations these measures exhibit behavior which make…

Applications · Statistics 2012-08-07 Dirk Schuster

The laborious and costly nature of affect annotation is a key detrimental factor for obtaining large scale corpora with valid and reliable affect labels. Motivated by the lack of tools that can effectively determine an annotator's…

Annotating cross-document event coreference links is a time-consuming and cognitively demanding task that can compromise annotation quality and efficiency. To address this, we propose a model-in-the-loop annotation approach for event…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Shafiuddin Rehan Ahmed , Abhijnan Nath , Michael Regan , Adam Pollins , Nikhil Krishnaswamy , James H. Martin

The traditional evaluation of information retrieval (IR) systems is generally very costly as it requires manual relevance annotation from human experts. Recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence -- specifically large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Harrie Oosterhuis , Rolf Jagerman , Zhen Qin , Xuanhui Wang , Michael Bendersky

We report here on a study of interannotator agreement in the coreference task as defined by the Message Understanding Conference (MUC-6 and MUC-7). Based on feedback from annotators, we clarified and simplified the annotation specification.…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Lynette Hirschman , Patricia Robinson , John Burger , Marc Vilain

Polygons are a common annotation format used for quickly annotating objects in instance segmentation tasks. However, many real-world annotation projects request near pixel-perfect labels. While strict pixel guidelines may appear to be the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Eric Zimmermann , Justin Szeto , Frederic Ratle

We suggest a new method for creating and using gold-standard datasets for word similarity evaluation. Our goal is to improve the reliability of the evaluation, and we do this by redesigning the annotation task to achieve higher inter-rater…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Oded Avraham , Yoav Goldberg

Tables are a prevalent format for structured data, yet their metadata, such as semantic types and column relationships, is often incomplete or ambiguous. Column annotation tasks, including Column Type Annotation (CTA) and Column Property…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zhihao Ding , Yongkang Sun , Jieming Shi

Text-based automated Cognitive Distortion detection is a challenging task due to its subjective nature, with low agreement scores observed even among expert human annotators, leading to unreliable annotations. We explore the use of Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Neha Sharma , Navneet Agarwal , Kairit Sirts

Neural coreference resolution models trained on one dataset may not transfer to new, low-resource domains. Active learning mitigates this problem by sampling a small subset of data for annotators to label. While active learning is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Michelle Yuan , Patrick Xia , Chandler May , Benjamin Van Durme , Jordan Boyd-Graber

Annotating large collections of textual data can be time consuming and expensive. That is why the ability to train models with limited annotation budgets is of great importance. In this context, it has been shown that under tight annotation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 César González-Gutiérrez , Audi Primadhanty , Francesco Cazzaro , Ariadna Quattoni

When constructing models that learn from noisy labels produced by multiple annotators, it is important to accurately estimate the reliability of annotators. Annotators may provide labels of inconsistent quality due to their varying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Maolin Li , Arvid Fahlström Myrman , Tingting Mu , Sophia Ananiadou

Although recent neural models for coreference resolution have led to substantial improvements on benchmark datasets, transferring these models to new target domains containing out-of-vocabulary spans and requiring differing annotation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Nupoor Gandhi , Anjalie Field , Emma Strubell

The chapter reviews the syntax to store machine-readable annotations and describes the mapping between rule-based modelling entities (e.g., agents and rules) and these annotations. In particular, we review an annotation framework and the…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2020-06-24 Matteo Cavaliere , Vincent Danos , Ricardo Honorato-Zimmer , William Waites

Currently, computational linguists and cognitive scientists working in the area of discourse and dialogue argue that their subjective judgments are reliable using several different statistics, none of which are easily interpretable or…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Jean Carletta

In this thesis, I refine our understanding as to what conclusions we can reach from coreference-based evaluations by expanding existing evaluation practices and considering the extent to which evaluation results are either converging or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ian Porada

Reliability is an essential measure of how closely observed scores represent latent scores (reflecting constructs), assuming some latent variable measurement model. We present a general theoretical framework of reliability, placing emphasis…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-29 Yang Liu , Jolynn Pek , Alberto Maydeu-Olivares

Metrics for measuring the comparability of corpora or texts need to be developed and evaluated systematically. Applications based on a corpus, such as training Statistical MT systems in specialised narrow domains, require finding a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-04-16 Bogdan Babych , Anthony Hartley

Agreement measures, such as Cohen's kappa or intraclass correlation, gauge the matching between two or more classifiers. They are used in a wide range of contexts from medicine, where they evaluate the effectiveness of medical treatments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Alberto Casagrande , Francesco Fabris , Rossano Girometti , Roberto Pagliarini

Research in Computational Linguistics is dependent on text corpora for training and testing new tools and methodologies. While there exists a plethora of annotated linguistic information, these corpora are often not interoperable without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Timo Lek , Anna de Groot , Tobias Kuhn , Roser Morante
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