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Related papers: Treating `Free Word Order' in Machine Translation

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Large pre-trained language models such as BERT have been widely used as a framework for natural language understanding (NLU) tasks. However, recent findings have revealed that pre-trained language models are insensitive to word order. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Hadeel Al-Negheimish , Pranava Madhyastha , Alessandra Russo

For every finite rank k, k>1, we explicitly construct (2k)! left orders on the free group F_k of rank k. Each order is induced by a word of length 2k in which each generator of F_k and its inverse appear exactly once. For each of these…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-09-25 Zoran Sunic

Open-text (or open-domain) semantic parsers are designed to interpret any statement in natural language by inferring a corresponding meaning representation (MR). Unfortunately, large scale systems cannot be easily machine-learned due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-07-20 Antoine Bordes , Xavier Glorot , Jason Weston , Yoshua Bengio

Because meaning can often be inferred from lexical semantics alone, word order is often a redundant cue in natural language. For example, the words chopped, chef, and onion are more likely used to convey "The chef chopped the onion," not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Isabel Papadimitriou , Richard Futrell , Kyle Mahowald

We propose to achieve explainable neural machine translation (NMT) by changing the output representation to explain itself. We present a novel approach to NMT which generates the target sentence by monotonically walking through the source…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-30 Felix Stahlberg , Danielle Saunders , Bill Byrne

Sentence embedding is an important research topic in natural language processing. It is essential to generate a good embedding vector that fully reflects the semantic meaning of a sentence in order to achieve an enhanced performance for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Myeongjun Jang , Pilsung Kang

We show that if a context-free grammar generates a language whose lexicographic ordering is well-ordered of type less than $\omega^2$, then its order type is effectively computable.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Kitti Gelle , Szabolcs Iván

We introduce the logical grammar emdebbing (LGE), a model inspired by pregroup grammars and categorial grammars to enable unsupervised inference of lexical categories and syntactic rules from a corpus of text. LGE produces comprehensible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Sean Deyo , Veit Elser

The meaning conveyed by a sentence often depends on the context in which it appears. Despite the progress of sentence embedding methods, it remains unclear as how to best modify a sentence embedding conditioned on its context. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Gaifan Zhang , Yi Zhou , Danushka Bollegala

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) generates target words sequentially in the way of predicting the next word conditioned on the context words. At training time, it predicts with the ground truth words as context while at inference it has to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Wen Zhang , Yang Feng , Fandong Meng , Di You , Qun Liu

The latest advancements in unsupervised learning of sentence embeddings predominantly involve employing contrastive learning-based (CL-based) fine-tuning over pre-trained language models. In this study, we analyze the latest sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Euna Jung , Jaeill Kim , Jungmin Ko , Jinwoo Park , Wonjong Rhee

Autoregressive language models (LMs) generate one token at a time, yet human reasoning operates over higher-level abstractions - sentences, propositions, and concepts. This contrast raises a central question- Can LMs likewise learn to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Hyeonbin Hwang , Byeongguk Jeon , Seungone Kim , Jiyeon Kim , Hoyeon Chang , Sohee Yang , Seungpil Won , Dohaeng Lee , Youbin Ahn , Minjoon Seo

This introduction aims to tell the story of how we put words into computers. It is part of the story of the field of natural language processing (NLP), a branch of artificial intelligence. It targets a wide audience with a basic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Noah A. Smith

Word embedding is a powerful tool in natural language processing. In this paper we consider the problem of word embedding composition \--- given vector representations of two words, compute a vector for the entire phrase. We give a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Abraham Frandsen , Rong Ge

We present an attention-based ranking framework for learning to order sentences given a paragraph. Our framework is built on a bidirectional sentence encoder and a self-attention based transformer network to obtain an input order invariant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-03 Pawan Kumar , Dhanajit Brahma , Harish Karnick , Piyush Rai

We suggest a model for metaphor interpretation using word embeddings trained over a relatively large corpus. Our system handles nominal metaphors, like "time is money". It generates a ranked list of potential interpretations of given…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Kfir Bar , Nachum Dershowitz , Lena Dankin

In many modern day systems such as information extraction and knowledge management agents, ontologies play a vital role in maintaining the concept hierarchies of the selected domain. However, ontology population has become a problematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Vindula Jayawardana , Dimuthu Lakmal , Nisansa de Silva , Amal Shehan Perera , Keet Sugathadasa , Buddhi Ayesha , Madhavi Perera

In automata theory, while determinisation provides a standard route to solving many common problems in automata theory, some weak forms of nondeterminism can be dealt with in some problems without costly determinisation. For example, the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Thomas A. Henzinger , Keya Prakash , K. S. Thejaswini

As the key to sentiment analysis, sentiment composition considers the classification of a constituent via classifications of its contained sub-constituents and rules operated on them. Such compositionality has been widely studied previously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Zhongtao Jiang , Yuanzhe Zhang , Cao Liu , Jiansong Chen , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

This paper evaluates existing and newly proposed answer selection methods based on pre-trained word embeddings. Word embeddings are highly effective in various natural language processing tasks and their integration into traditional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-08-16 Rishav Chakravarti , Jiri Navratil , Cicero Nogueira dos Santos