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200 papers

Prisoner's Dilemma is a game theory model used to describe altruistic behavior seen in various populations. This theoretical game is important in understanding why a seemingly selfish strategy does persist and spread throughout a population…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-04-16 Sharon M. Cameron , Ariel Cintrón-Arias

As autonomous agents become more prevalent, understanding their collective behaviour in strategic interactions is crucial. This study investigates the emergent cooperative tendencies of systems of Large Language Model (LLM) agents in a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Richard Willis , Yali Du , Joel Z Leibo , Michael Luck

Matrix games like Prisoner's Dilemma have guided research on social dilemmas for decades. However, they necessarily treat the choice to cooperate or defect as an atomic action. In real-world social dilemmas these choices are temporally…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2017-02-13 Joel Z. Leibo , Vinicius Zambaldi , Marc Lanctot , Janusz Marecki , Thore Graepel

The emergence of mutual cooperation is studied in a spatially extended evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game in which the players are located on the sites of cubic lattices for dimensions d=1, 2, and 3. Each player can choose one of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Gyorgy Szabo , Tibor Antal , Peter Szabo , Michel Droz

In real world, individual rationality varies for the sake of the diversity of people's individuality. In order to investigate how diversity of agent's rationality affects the evolution of cooperation, we introduce the individual rationality…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-12-19 Y. -Z. Chen , Z. -G. Huang , S. -J. Wang , Y. Zhang , Y. -H. Wang

We present a collaboration ring model -- a network of players playing the prisoner's dilemma game and collaborating among the nearest neighbours by forming coalitions. The microscopic stochastic updating of the players' strategies are…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-13 Joy Das Bairagya , Jonathan Newton , Sagar Chakraborty

Cooperation underlies many natural and artificial systems. While voluntary participation can sustain cooperation without informational assumptions, real interactions are rarely anonymous, leaving the joint effects of participation and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-27 Chen Shen , Zhao Song , Xinyu Wang , Lei Shi , Matjaž Perc , Zhen Wang , Jun Tanimoto

One of the most direct human mechanisms of promoting cooperation is rewarding it. We study the effect of sharing a reward among cooperators in the most stringent form of social dilemma, namely the Prisoner's Dilemma. Specifically, for a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2012-02-02 J. A. Cuesta , R. Jimenez , H. Lugo , A. Sanchez

Exploration of mechanisms underlying the emergence of collective cooperation remains a focal point in field of evolution of cooperation. Prevailing studies often neglect historical information, relying on the latest rewards as the primary…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-02-07 Changyan Di , Jianyue Guan , Qingguo Zhou , Jingqiang Wang , Xiangyang Li

We address the problem of how the survival of cooperation in a social system depends on the motion of the individuals. Specifically, we study a model in which Prisoner's Dilemma players are allowed to move in a two-dimensional plane. Our…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-13 S. Meloni , A. Buscarino , L. Fortuna , M. Frasca , J. Gomez-Gardenes , V. Latora , Y. Moreno

The standard iterated prisoner's dilemma is an unrealistic model of social behaviour because it forces individuals to participate in the interaction. We analyse a model in which players have the option of ending their association. If the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2007-05-23 L. A. Khodarinova , J. N. Webb

According to the standard imitation protocol, a less successful player adopts the strategy of the more successful one faithfully for future success. This is the cornerstone of evolutionary game theory that explores the vitality of competing…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-09-27 Attila Szolnoki , Xiaojie Chen

The donation game is a well-established framework for studying the emergence and evolution of cooperation in multi-agent systems. The cooperative behavior can be influenced by the environmental noise in partially observable settings and by…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Marcin Kowalik , Przemysław Stokłosa , Mateusz Grabowski , Janusz Starzyk , Paweł Raif

Exploiting others is beneficial individually but it could also be detrimental globally. The reverse is also true: a higher cooperation level may change the environment in a way that is beneficial for all competitors. To explore the possible…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-02-23 Attila Szolnoki , Xiaojie Chen

Here we study the effects of adopting different strategies against different opponent instead of adopting the same strategy against all of them in the prisoner dilemma structured in well-mixed populations. We consider an evolutionary…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-14 Lucas Wardil , Jafferson K. L. da Silva

We study environments in which agents are randomly matched to play a Prisoner's Dilemma, and each player observes a few of the partner's past actions against previous opponents. We depart from the existing related literature by allowing a…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-06-30 Yuval Heller , Erik Mohlin

Data sharing issues pervade online social and economic environments. To foster social progress, it is important to develop models of the interaction between data producers and consumers that can promote the rise of cooperation between the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Víctor Gallego , Roi Naveiro , David Ríos Insua , Wolfram Rozas

The spatial arrangement of individuals is thought to overcome the dilemma of cooperation: When cooperators engage in clusters they might share the benefit of cooperation while being more protected against non-cooperating individuals, which…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2013-04-18 Anatolij Gelimson , Jonas Cremer , Erwin Frey

Recent studies in the spatial prisoner's dilemma games with reinforcement learning have shown that static agents can learn to cooperate through a diverse sort of mechanisms, including noise injection, different types of learning algorithms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Gustavo C. Mangold , Heitor C. M. Fernandes , Mendeli H. Vainstein

We study the evolutionary Prisoner's Dilemma on two social networks obtained from actual relational data. We find very different cooperation levels on each of them that can not be easily understood in terms of global statistical properties…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-09-08 Sergi Lozano , Alex Arenas , Angel Sanchez