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Deuterium is the best indicator of the baryon density; however, only its present abundance is known (and only locally) and its chemical evolution is intertwined with that of $^3$He. Because galactic abundances are spatially heterogeneous,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Craig J. Copi , David N. Schramm , Michael S. Turner

We reinvestigate the constraints from primordial nucleosynthesis on a possible time-dependent quark mass. The limits on such quark-mass variations are particularly sensitive to the adopted observational abundance constraints. Hence, in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-05-06 Myung-Ki Cheoun , Toshitaka Kajino , Motohiko Kusakabe , Grant J. Mathews

The primordial abundance of $^4$He plays a central role in big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) and in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The LBT $Y_{\rm p}$ Project's new measurement of the primordial $^4$He mass fraction $Y_{\rm p} =0.2458…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-02 Tsung-Han Yeh , Keith A. Olive , Brian D. Fields , Erik Aver , Richard W. Pogge , Noah S. J. Rogers , Evan D. Skillman , Miqaela K. Weller

We present an improved calculation of the light element abundances in the framework of Big Bang nucleosynthesis as a function of the Higgs vacuum expectation value $v$. We compare the methods of our calculation to previous literature…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-06-18 Helen Meyer , Ulf-G. Meißner

Big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) describes the production of the lightest nuclides via a dynamic interplay among the four fundamental forces during the first seconds of cosmic time. We briefly overview the essentials of this physics, and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-13 Richard H. Cyburt , Brian D. Fields , Keith A. Olive , Tsung-Han Yeh

Recent measurement of the primordial $^4$He abundance $Y_p$ from EMPRESS suggests a cosmological scenario with the effective number of neutrino species deviated from the standard value and non-zero lepton asymmetry. We argue that the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-31 Tomo Takahashi , Sora Yamashita

We revisit the upper limits on the abundance of unstable massive relic particles provided by the success of Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis calculations. We use the cosmic microwave background data to constrain the baryon-to-photon ratio, and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-11 Richard H. Cyburt , John Ellis , Brian D. Fields , Keith A. Olive

We focus on viable $f(T)$ teleparallel cosmological models, namely power law, exponential and square-root exponential, carrying out a detailed study of their evolution at all scales. Indeed, these models were extensively analysed in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-10 Micol Benetti , Salvatore Capozziello , Gaetano Lambiase

The relic abundances of the light elements synthesized during the first few minutes of the evolution of the Universe provide unique probes of cosmology and the building blocks for stellar and galactic chemical evolution, while also enabling…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Gary Steigman

The recently observed Deuterium abundance in a low- metallicity high-redshift hydrogen cloud, which is about ten times larger than that observed in the near interstellar medium, is that expected from the Standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Arnon Dar

We use Big Bang Nucleosynthesis calculations and light element abundance data to constrain the relative variation of the deuteron binding energy since the universe was a few minutes old, $\delta Q = Q(BBN)-Q(present)$. Two approaches are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-18 V. F. Dmitriev , V. V. Flambaum , J. K. Webb

The determination of the primeval deuterium abundance has opened a precision era in big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), making accurate predictions more important than ever before. We present in analytic form new, more precise predictions for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Scott Burles , Kenneth M. Nollett , Michael S. Turner

Explaining the well established observation that the expansion rate of the universe is apparently accelerating is one of the defining scientific problems of our age. Within the standard model of cosmology, the repulsive 'dark energy'…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-02-20 Marco Regis , Chris Clarkson

We study the primordial neutron to baryon ratio in a cosmological expanding background within the context of non-extensive statistics, in a fully analytical approach. First order corrections to the weak interaction rates and energy…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Diego F. Torres , Hector Vucetich

We determine the restrictions imposed by primordial nucleosynthesis upon a heavy tau neutrino, in the presence of nu-tau annihilations into Majorons, as expected in a wide class of particle physics models of neutrino mass. We determine the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-09-17 A. D. Dolgov , S. Pastor , J. C. Romao , J. W. F. Valle

I review standard big bang nucleosynthesis and some versions of nonstandard BBN. The abundances of the primordial isotopes D, He-3, and Li-7 produced in standard BBN can be calculated as a function of the baryon density with an accuracy of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-28 Hannu Kurki-Suonio

We study the effect from a general ultralocal supermetric on primordial nucleosynthesis for Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Cosmology. The parameter $\lambda$ of the supermetric changes the effective number of degrees of freedom, $g_*$, which…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-01 A. Llorente , J. Perez-Mercader

The deviation of primordial Helium production due to a variation on the difference between the rest masses of the nucleons is presented. It is found an upper bound $\delta (M_{_n} - M_{_p}) \alt 0.129$ MeV, between the present and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Luis A. Anchordoqui , Diego F. Torres , Héctor Vucetich

Using the semi-analytic method proposed by \citet{Esma91} we calculate the abundances of the light elements produced during primordial nucleosynthesis assuming that the gauge coupling constants of the fundamental interactions may vary. We…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Susana J. Landau , Mercedes E. Mosquera , Hector Vucetich

Cosmological scenarios with a non-standard equation of state can involve ultrastiff fluids, understood as primordial fluids for which $p/\rho> 1$. Their energy densities can dominate the Universe energy budget at early times, in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-12 D. Aristizabal Sierra , S. Gariazzo , A. Villanueva