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In standard general relativity the universe cannot be started with arbitrary initial conditions, because four of the ten components of the Einstein's field equations (EFE) are constraints on initial conditions. In the previous work it was…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-08 Tomonori Totani

Spacetime is foliated by spatial hypersurfaces in the 3+1 split of General Relativity. The initial value problem then consists of specifying initial data for all relevant fields on one such a spatial hypersurface. These fields are the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-01-04 Wolfgang Tichy

When constructing general relativity (GR), Einstein required 4D general covariance. In contrast, we derive GR (in the compact, without boundary case) as a theory of evolving 3-dimensional conformal Riemannian geometries obtained by imposing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-16 Edward Anderson , Julian Barbour , Brendan Z. Foster , Bryan Kelleher , Niall Ó Murchadha

The 1+3 covariant approach and the covariant gauge-invariant approach to perturbations are used to analyze in depth conformal transformations in cosmology. Such techniques allow us to obtain very interesting insights on the physical content…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Sante Carloni , Emilio Elizalde , Sergei Odintsov

The only efficient and robust method of generating consistent initial data in general relativity is the conformal technique initiated by Lichnerowicz and perfected by York. In the spatially compact case, the complete scheme consists of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Edward Anderson , Julian Barbour , Brendan Z. Foster , Bryan Kelleher , Niall O'Murchadha

We make use of the metric version of the conformal Einstein field equations to construct anti-de Sitter-like spacetimes by means of a suitably posed initial-boundary value problem. The evolution system associated to this initial-boundary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-12-19 Diego A. Carranza , Juan A. Valiente Kroon

Modified gravity theories such as Einstein scalar Gauss Bonnet (EsGB) contain higher derivative terms in the spacetime curvature in their action, which results in modifications to the Hamiltonian and momentum constraints of the theory. In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-01 Sam E. Brady , Llibert Aresté Saló , Katy Clough , Pau Figueras , Annamalai P. S

One method of studying the asymptotic structure of spacetime is to apply Penrose's conformal rescaling technique. In this setting, the Einstein equations for the metric and the conformal factor in the unphysical spacetime degenerate where…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Adrian Butscher

We establish a well-posedness theory for the f(R) theory of modified gravity, which is a generalization of Einstein's theory of gravitation. The scalar curvature R of the spacetime, which arises in the integrand of the Einstein-Hilbert…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-12-30 Philippe G. LeFloch , Yue Ma

We revisit the Lichnerowicz-York method, and an alternative method of York, in order to obtain some conformally covariant systems. This type of parameterization is certainly more natural for non constant mean curvature initial data.

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2016-12-21 Erwann Delay

Precise initial conditions (ICs) are crucial for accurate computation in cosmological perturbation theory. We derive the consistent ICs for Horndeski theory in the Effective Field Theory (EFT) approach, assuming constant EFT functions at…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-13 Jiaming Pan , Meng-Xiang Lin , Gen Ye , Marco Raveri , Alessandra Silvestri

We present a numerical scheme for determining hyperboloidal initial data sets for the conformal field equations by using pseudo-spectral methods. This problem is split into two parts. The first step is the determination of a suitable…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Jörg Frauendiener

We consider the metrics of the General Relativity, whose energy-momentum tensor has a bounded support where it is continuous except for a finite step across the corresponding boundary surface. As a consequence, the first derivative of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-10-18 Ramon Lapiedra , Juan Antonio Morales-Lladosa

In the present investigation compact stellar models are dealt with in the framework of the modified gravity theory, specifically of $f(\mathbb{T},\mathcal{T})$ type. We have considered that the compact objects are following a spherically…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-06-29 Ines G. Salako , Chayan Ranjit , M. Khlopov , Saibal Ray , Utpal Mukhopadhyay

The gravitational interaction, as described by the Einstein-Cartan theory, is shown to emerge as the by-product of the spontaneous symmetry breaking of a gauge symmetry in a pre-geometric four-dimensional spacetime. Starting from a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-15 Andrea Addazi , Salvatore Capozziello , Antonino Marciano , Giuseppe Meluccio

Einstein's equations in matter are gravitational analogues of Maxwell's equations in matter, providing an effective classical description of gravitational fields. We derive Einstein's equations in matter for relativistic fluids, and use…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-05-29 Pavel Kovtun , Ashish Shukla

One of the main technical obstacles in constructing a consistent theory of quantum gravity is that the metric itself defines the causal structure required for quantization. This motivates implementing quantum aspects of gravity through an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-16 Johas Morales , Yuri Bonder

The conformal formulation of the Einstein constraint equations is first reviewed, and we then consider the design, analysis, and implementation of adaptive multilevel finite element-type numerical methods for the resulting coupled nonlinear…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-04-07 Burak Aksoylu , David Bernstein , Stephen Bond , Michael Holst

We present a novel derivation of the spacetime metric generated by matter, without invoking Einstein's field equations. For static sources, the metric arises from a relativistic formulation of D'Alembert's principle, where the inertial…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 Jaume de Haro , Emilio Elizalde

This research is an extension of the author's article \cite{zar}, in which conformally invariant generalization of string theory was suggested to higher-dimensional objects. Special cases of the proposed theory are Einstein's theory of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-10-13 Farkhat Zaripov