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We compare estimates of the speed and width of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in several catalogs for the CMEs associated with ~200 solar energetic particle (SEP) events in 2006-2013 that included 25 MeV protons. The catalogs used are: CDAW,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-13 Ian G. Richardson , Tycho T. von Rosenvinge , Hilary V. Cane

We present a statistical analysis of near-relativistic (NR) solar energetic electron event spectra near 1au. We use measurements of the STEREO Solar Electron and Proton Telescope (SEPT) in the energyrange of 45-425 keV and utilize the SEPT…

Solar energetic particles (SEPs) accelerated from shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are one of the major causes of geomagnetic storms on Earth. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the occurrence and intensity of such…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-26 Anitha Ravishankar , Grzegorz Michalek

Solar energetic particles (SEPs) in the small "impulsive" events, primarily accelerated during magnetic reconnection in solar jets, have strong enhancements of the abundances of increasingly heavy elements. In contrast, the shock…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-15 Donald V. Reames

Nearly 70 Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs) of cosmic rays have been recorded by the worldwide neutron monitor network since the 1950s depicting a big variety of energy spectra of solar energetic particles (SEP). Here we studied a…

Space Physics · Physics 2016-12-09 E. Asvestari , T. Willamo , A. Gil , I. G. Usoskin , G. A. Kovaltsov , V. V. Mikhailov , A. Mayorov

We study the abundances of the elements He through Pb in Fe-rich impulsive solar energetic-particle (SEP) events with measurable abundances of ions with atomic number Z>2 observed on the Wind spacecraft, and their relationship with coronal…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-06 Donald V. Reames , Edward W. Cliver , Stephen W. Kahler

Small 3He-rich solar energetic particle (SEP) events with their anomalous abundances, markedly different from solar system, provide evidence for a unique acceleration mechanism that operates routinely near solar active regions. Although the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-16 R. Bucik , D. E. Innes , L. Guo , G. M. Mason , M. E. Wiedenbeck

Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are one of the most crucial aspects of space weather that require continuous monitoring and forecasting using robust methods. We demonstrate a proof of concept of using a data-driven supervised…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-13 Sumanth A. Rotti , Berkay Aydin , Petrus C. Martens

Forecasting large Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events associated with shocks driven by fast coronal mass ejections (CME) pose a major difficulty in the field of Space Weather. Besides issues associated with CME initiation, the SEP…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-19 J. Martin Laming , J. Dan Moses , Yuan-Kuen Ko , Chee K. Ng , Cara E. Rakowski , Allan J. Tylka

We present our results on the correlation of non-interacting coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar energetic particles (SEPs). A statistical analysis was conducted on 25 SEP events and the associated CME and flare during the ascending…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-06 Anitha Ravishankar , Grzegorz Michalek

Gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events, usually attributed to shock waves driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), show a wide variety of temporal behaviors. For example, TO, the >10 MeV proton onset time with respect to the launch…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-29 Kosuke Kihara , Ayumi Asai , Seiji Yashiro , Nariaki V. Nitta

In addition to their anomalous abundances, 3He-rich solar energetic particles (SEPs) show puzzling energy spectral shapes varying from rounded forms to power laws where the later are characteristics of shock acceleration. Solar sources of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-21 R. Bucik , D. E. Innes , G. M. Mason , M. E. Wiedenbeck

Aims. We studied the first multi-spacecraft high-energy solar energetic particle (SEP) event of solar cycle 25, which triggered a ground level enhancement (GLE) on 28 October 2021, using data from multiple observers that were widely…

This paper investigates the conditions for producing rapid variations of solar ener- getic particle (SEP) intensity commonly known as dropouts. In particular, we use numerical model simulations based on solving the focused transport…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Y. Wang , G. Qin , M. Zhang , S. Dalla

We study the variation of the shape of the proton intensity-time profiles in simulated gradual Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events with the relative observer's position in space with respect to the main direction of propagation of an…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 R. Rodríguez-Gasén , A. Aran , B. Sanahuja , C. Jacobs , S. Poedts

We have spent 50 years in heated discussion over which populations of solar energetic particles (SEPs) are accelerated at flares and which by shock waves driven out from the Sun by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The association of the large…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-19 Donald V. Reames

In large gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events, especially the ground-level enhancement (GLE) events, where and how energetic particles are accelerated is still a problem. By using imaging data from TRACE, Yohkoh/HXT, SOHO/MDI and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 C. Li , Y. H. Tang , Y. Dai , W. G. Zong , C. Fang

Multi-spacecraft observations of solar energetic particle (SEP) events not only enable a deeper understanding and development of particle acceleration and transport theories, but also provide important constraints for model validation…

We introduce a new multivariate data set that utilizes multiple spacecraft collecting in-situ and remote sensing heliospheric measurements shown to be linked to physical processes responsible for generating solar energetic particles (SEPs).…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-30 Kimberly Moreland , Maher Dayeh , Hazel M. Bain , Subhamoy Chatterjee , Andres Munoz-Jaramillo , Samuel Hart

Solar sources of suprathermal (<1 MeV/nucleon) 3He-rich solar energetic particles (SEPs) have been commonly associated with jets originating in small, compact active regions at the periphery of near-equatorial coronal holes. Sources of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-20 R. Bucik , M. E. Wiedenbeck , G. M. Mason , R. Gomez-Herrero , N. Nitta , L. Wang