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We consider the problem of estimating cross-spectral quantities in the low-frequency regime, where long observation times limit averaging over large ensembles of periodograms, thereby preventing the use of approximate Gaussian statistics.…
Simple hardness ratios are found to be a good estimator for the spectral peak energy in Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). Specifically, a high correlation strength is found between the $\nu F_{\nu}$ peak in the spectrum of BATSE GRBs, $\epo$, and…
The new statistical approach for calculation of radiation processes with heavy multielectron ions in plasma is developed. The method consists in consideration of atomic structure as a condensed medium, characterized by the spectrum of…
In the electronic measurement of the Boltzmann constant based on Johnson noise thermometry, the ratio of the power spectral densities of thermal noise across a resistor at the triple point of water, and pseudo-random noise synthetically…
Determining if two histograms are consistent, whether they have been drawn from the same underlying distribution or not, is a common problem in physics. Existing approaches are not only limited in power but also inapplicable to histograms…
Single molecule X-ray scattering experiments using free electron lasers hold the potential to resolve both single structures and structural ensembles of biomolecules. However, molecular electron density determination has so far not been…
Datasets are rarely a realistic approximation of the target population. Say, prevalence is misrepresented, image quality is above clinical standards, etc. This mismatch is known as sampling bias. Sampling biases are a major hindrance for…
This paper presents a new Bayesian model and associated algorithm for depth and intensity profiling using full waveforms from time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) measurements in the limit of very low photon counts (i.e.,…
After years of experimental and theoretical efforts, direct photons become a strong and reliable tool to establish the basic characteristics of a hot and dense matter produced in heavy ion collisions. The recent direct photon measurements…
Digital camera pixels measure image intensities by converting incident light energy into an analog electrical current, and then digitizing it into a fixed-width binary representation. This direct measurement method, while conceptually…
A detailed and formal account of polarization measurements using Bayesian analysis is given based on the assumption of gaussian error for the Stokes parameters. This analysis is crucial for the measurement of the polarization degree and…
The Hapke model has been widely used to describe the photometrical behavior of planetary surface through the Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF), but the uncertainties about retrieved parameters has been difficult to…
Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum imaging yields compositional information with a spatial resolution down to the atomic level. However, experimental limitations often produce extremely sparse and noisy EDX spectra. Under such…
Measuring the power spectral density of a stochastic process, such as a stochastic force or magnetic field, is a fundamental task in many sensing applications. Quantum noise is becoming a major limiting factor to such a task in future…
Fitting the multi-wavelength spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies is a widely used technique to extract information about the physical properties of galaxies. However, a major difficulty lies in the numerous uncertainties…
We study the hardness of classically simulating Gaussian boson sampling at nonzero photon distinguishability. We find that similar to regular boson sampling, distinguishability causes exponential attenuation of the many-photon interference…
Detecting the faint emission of a secondary source in the proximity of the much brighter source has been the most severe obstacle for using direct imaging in searching for exoplanets. Using quantum state discrimination and quantum imaging…
Pulse profile modelling is a relativistic ray-tracing technique that can be used to infer masses, radii and geometric parameters of neutron stars. In a previous study, we looked at the performance of this technique when applied to…
Here we develop a general statistical procedure for the analysis of finite two-dimensional (2D) patterns inspired by the analysis of heavy-ion data. The method is used in the study of publicly available data obtained by the Gaia-ESA…
Fitting a simplifying model with several parameters to real data of complex objects is a highly nontrivial task, but enables the possibility to get insights into the objects physics. Here, we present a method to infer the parameters of the…