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The Neptunian satellite system is unusual, comprising Triton, a large ($\sim2700$ km) moon on a close-in, circular, yet retrograde orbit, flanked by Nereid, the largest irregular satellite ($\sim$300 km) on a highly eccentric orbit. Capture…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-07 Daohai Li , Apostolos A. Christou

Nereid, a satellite of Neptune, has a highly eccentric prograde orbit with a semi-major axis larger than 200 Neptune radius and is classified as an irregular satellite. Although the capture origin of irregular satellites has been widely…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Tsuyoshi Terai , Yoichi Itoh

We present a deep optical survey of Uranus' Hill sphere for small satellites. The Subaru 8-m telescope was used to survey about 3.5 square degrees with a 50% detection efficiency at limiting red magnitude m = 26.1 mag. This magnitude…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Scott S. Sheppard , David Jewitt , Jan Kleyna

The Neptunian satellite system is unusual. The major satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus are all in prograde, low-inclination orbits. Neptune on the other hand, has the fewest satellites, and most of the system's mass is within one…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-07 Raluca Rufu , Robin M. Canup

We have conducted extremely ultra-deep pencil beam observations for new satellites around both Uranus and Neptune. Tens of images on several different nights in 2021, 2022 and 2023 were obtained and shifted and added together to reach as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-02 Scott Sheppard , David Tholen , Marina Brozovic , Robert Jacobson , Chadwick Trujillo , Patryk Sofia Lykawka , Mike Alexandersen

The ring system and small satellites of Neptune were discovered during Voyager 2 flyby in 1989 (Smith et al.1989). In this work we analyse the diffusion maps which can give an overview of the system. As a result we found the width of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-06 D. M. Gaslac Gallardo , S. M. Giuliatti Winter , G. Madeira , M. A. Muñoz-Gutiérrez

Nereid, Neptune's third largest satellite, lies in an irregular orbit and is the only outer satellite in the system (apart from Triton) that can be spectroscopically characterized with the current generation of Earth-based telescopes. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-24 Benjamin N. L. Sharkey , Vishnu Reddy , Juan A. Sanchez , Matthew R. M. Izawa , Walter M. Harris

Neptune's incomplete ring arcs have been stable since their discovery in 1984 by stellar occultation. Although these structures should be destroyed within a few months through differential Keplerian motion, imaging data over the past couple…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-26 D. Souami , S. Renner , B. Sicardy , M. Langlois , B. Carry , P. Delorme , P. Golaszewska

Using a large suite of n-body simulations, we explore the discovery space for new satellites in the Pluto-Charon system. For the adopted masses and orbits of the known satellites, there are few stable prograde or polar orbits with semimajor…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-11 Scott J. Kenyon , Benjamin C. Bromley

If the Pioneer Anomaly (PA) was a genuine dynamical effect of gravitational origin, it should also affect the orbital motions of the solar system's bodies moving in the space regions in which the PA manifested itself in its presently known…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-13 Lorenzo Iorio

The irregular satellites of the giant planets are believed to have been captured during the evolution of the solar system. Knowing their physical parameters, such as size, density, and albedo is important for constraining where they came…

We present BVR photometric colors of six Uranian and two Neptunian irregular satellites, collected using the Magellan Observatory (Las Campanas, Chile) and the Keck Observatory, (Manua Kea, Hawaii). The colors range from neutral to light…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Tommy Grav , Matthew J. Holman , Wesley Fraser

We fit an isothermal oscillatory density model of Neptune's protoplanetary disk to the surviving regular satellites and its innermost ring and we determine the radial scale length of the disk, the equation of state and the central density…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-05 Dimitris M. Christodoulou , Demosthenes Kazanas

We report here on our search for excess power in photometry of Neptune collected by the K2 mission that may be due to intrinsic global oscillations of the planet Neptune. To conduct this search, we developed new methods to correct for…

All four giant planets in the Solar system possess irregular satellites, characterized by large, highly eccentric and/or inclined orbits that are distinct from the nearly circular, uninclined orbits of the regular satellites. This…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 David Jewitt , Nader Haghighipour

We use 1.4-4.6 micron multi-band photometry of the small inner Uranian and Neptunian satellites obtained with the James Webb Space Telescope's near-infrared imager NIRCam to characterize their surface compositions. We find that the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-02 Matthew Belyakov , M. Ryleigh Davis , Zachariah Milby , Ian Wong , Michael E. Brown

We conduct a systematic survey of the regions in which distant satellites can orbit stably around the four giant planets in the solar system, using orbital integrations of up to $10^9$ yr. In contrast to previous investigations, we use a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Yue Shen , Scott Tremaine

755 new CCD observations during the years 2014-2016 have been reduced to derive the precise positions of Triton, the first satellite of Neptune. The observations were made by the 1 m telescope at Yunnan Observatory over fifteen nights. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-13 N. Wang , Q. Y. Peng , H. W. Peng , H. J. Xie , S. Ma , Q. F. Zhang

We report the discovery of 12 new satellites of Jupiter, giving Jupiter 79 known satellites. The new finds are between 23rd-24th mag in the r-band and 1-3 km in diameter assuming dark albedos. Nine of the discoveries are in the distant…

We describe a search for dust created in collisions between the Saturnian irregular satellites using archival \emph{Spitzer} MIPS observations. Although we detected a degree scale Saturn-centric excess that might be attributed to an…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-11-07 Grant M. Kennedy , Mark C. Wyatt , Kate Y. L. Su , John A. Stansberry
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