Related papers: Placing Confidence Limits on Polarization Measurem…
We review the methods of constructing confidence intervals that account for a priori information about one-sided constraints on the parameter being estimated. We show that the so-called method of sensitivity limit yields a correct solution…
Experimental datasets are growing rapidly in size, scope, and detail, but the value of these datasets is limited by unwanted measurement noise. It is therefore tempting to apply analysis techniques that attempt to reduce noise and enhance…
Faraday tomography is a powerful method to diagnose polarizations and Faraday rotations along the line of sight. The quality of Faraday tomography is, however, limited by several conditions. Recently, it is reported that Faraday tomography…
This report describes a method for the primary calibration of phase noise and amplitude noise measurement systems. In the field of metrology, the term "primary" refers to a standard whose quantity value and measurement uncertainty are…
In this paper we present an error analysis for polarimetric data obtained with dual-beam instruments. After recalling the basic concepts, we introduce the analytical expressions for the uncertainties of polarization degree and angle. These…
Do object part localization methods produce bilaterally symmetric results on mirror images? Surprisingly not, even though state of the art methods augment the training set with mirrored images. In this paper we take a closer look into this…
Calibrated probability outputs of trained classifiers are increasingly used as inputs to downstream regression estimands such as effects, prevalences, or disparities for a latent group observed only on a small labelled subset. A standard…
The coming flood of CMB polarization experiments, spurred by the recent detection of CMB polarization by DASI and WMAP, will be confronted by many new analysis tasks specific to polarization. For the analysis of CMB polarization data sets,…
Genuine randomness can be certified from Bell tests without any detailed assumptions on the working of the devices with which the test is implemented. An important class of experiments for implementing such tests is optical setups based on…
Mathematical ambiguities in partial-wave analysis present a significant challenge to the extraction of resonance properties in hadronic reactions. Recent work has shown that while linear photon polarization can resolve continuous…
We demonstrate that the multipoles associated with the density matrix are truly observable quantities that can be unambiguously determined from intensity moments. Given their correct transformation properties, these multipoles are the…
Standardness is a popular assumption in the literature on set estimation. It also appears in statistical approaches to topological data analysis, where it is common to assume that the data were sampled from a probability measure that…
In decision-making problems under uncertainty, probabilistic constraints are a valuable tool to express safety of decisions. They result from taking the probability measure of a given set of random inequalities depending on the decision…
We propose a formal resource-theoretic approach to quantify the degree of polarization of two and three-dimensional random electromagnetic fields. This endows the space of spectral polarization matrices with the orders induced by…
Polarization is a fundamental property of light that carries distinct and valuable information. Consequently, its precise measurement is crucial for numerous applications, including biomedical imaging, remote sensing, and optical…
In a cycle of papers, starting with the present one, a fundamental possibility of the polarization sounding of a pulsar magnetosphere using pulsar self-radiation as a test signal will be considered. The main idea of such a sounding is based…
In this paper, we consider a novel and robust maximum likelihood approach to localizing radiation sources with unknown statistics of the source signal strength. The result utilizes the smallest number of sensors required theoretically to…
We consider the power to reject false values of the parameter in Frequentist methods for the calculation of confidence intervals. We connect the power with the physical significance (reliability) of confidence intervals for a parameter…
Bayesian statistics is based on the subjective definition of probability as {\it ``degree of belief''} and on Bayes' theorem, the basic tool for assigning probabilities to hypotheses combining {\it a priori} judgements and experimental…
An example of a coherent measurement for the direct evaluation of the degree of polarization of a single-mode optical beam is presented. It is applied to the case of great practical importance where depolarization is caused by polarization…