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The orbital period ratios of neighbouring sub-Neptunes are distributed asymmetrically near first-order resonances. There are deficits of systems---"troughs" in the period ratio histogram---just short of commensurability, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-27 Nick Choksi , Eugene Chiang

It has been observed that binary Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) exist contrary to theoretical expectations. Their creation presents problems to most current models. However, the inclusion of a third body (for example, one of the outer planets)…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 R. C. Nazzario , K. Orr , C. Covington , D. Kagan , T. W. Hyde

We perform simulations here that include the gravitational effects of the primordial planetesimal belt consisting of ~10^5 massive bodies. In our simulations, Neptune unlocks from resonance with the other giant planets and begins to migrate…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-20 Nathan A. Kaib , Alex Parsells , Simon Grimm , Billy Quarles , Matthew S. Clement

We investigate resonant capture of small bodies by planets that migrate inwards, using analytic arguments and three-body integrations. If the orbits of the planet and the small body are initially circular and coplanar, the small body is…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Qingjuan Yu , Scott Tremaine

We review ongoing efforts to identify occupants of mean-motion resonances (MMRs) and collisional families in the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt. Direct integrations of trajectories of Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) reveal the 1:1 (Trojan), 5:4, 4:3, 3:2…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. I. Chiang , J. R. Lovering , R. L. Millis , M. W. Buie , L. H. Wasserman , K. J. Meech

Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) represent some of the most ancient remnants of our solar system, having evaded significant thermal or evolutionary processing. This makes them important targets for exploration as they offer a unique opportunity…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-04 Samuel P. D. Birch , Orkan M. Umurhan

The complex classification of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) that are captured in mean-motion resonances (MMRs) and the constraint of their multiple origins are two significant open problems concerning the Solar System. The case-by-case…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-13 Alan J. Alves-Carmo , Timothée Vaillant , Alexandre C. M. Correia

We present two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of pairs of planets migrating simultaneously in the Type I regime in a protoplanetary disc. Convergent migration naturally leads to the trapping of these planets in mean-motion…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-27 T. O. Hands , R. D. Alexander

We investigate the evolution of two-planet systems embedded in a protoplanetary disc, which are composed of a Jupiter-mass planet plus another body located further out in the disc. We consider outermost planets with masses ranging from 10…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Arnaud Pierens , Richard P. Nelson

Embedded in the gaseous protoplanetary disk, Jupiter and Saturn naturally become trapped in 3:2 resonance and migrate outward. This serves as the basis of the Grand Tack model. However, previous hydrodynamical simulations were restricted to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Arnaud Pierens , Sean Raymond , David Nesvorny , Alessandro Morbidelli

In this paper, we present the most comprehensive study to date on Neptune's mean-motion resonances (MMRs) in the distant Kuiper belt from 50 to 100 AU. Over 200 resonant Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) have been identified in this region,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-22 Jian Li

Migration of planetary systems caused by the action of dissipative forces may lead the planets to be trapped in a resonance. In this work we study the conditions and the dynamics of such resonant trapping. Particularly, we are interested in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-03 George Voyatzis

The Solar system beyond Neptune is believed to house a population of small primordial bodies left over from the planet formation process. The region up to heliocentric distance $\sim 50 AU$ (a.k.a. the Kuiper Belt) may be the source of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Renu Malhotra

Recent observations of Kepler multi-planet systems have revealed a number of systems with planets very close to second-order mean motion resonances (MMRs, with period ratio $1:3$, $3:5$, etc.) We present an analytic study of resonance…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-03 Wenrui Xu , Dong Lai

The process of migration into resonance capture has been well studied for planetary systems where the gravitational potential is generated exclusively by the star and planets. However, massive protoplanetary disks add a significant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-01 Zachary Murray , Sam Hadden , Matthew J. Holman

The Canada-France Ecliptic Plane Survey discovered four trans-Neptunian objects with semi-major axes near the 5:1 resonance, revealing a large and previously undetected intrinsic population. Three of these objects are currently resonant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 R. E. Pike , J. J. Kavelaars , J. M. Petit , B. J. Gladman , M. Alexandersen , K. Volk , C. J. Shankman

We study the formation of the 9:7 mean motion resonance in a system of two low-mass planets ($m_{1}=m_{2}=3M_{\oplus}$) embedded in a gaseous protoplanetary disk employing a full 2D hydrodynamic treatment of the disk-planet interactions.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-20 Zijia Cui , John C. B. Papaloizou , Ewa Szuszkiewicz

Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) in the scattered disk with 50 < a < 100 au are thought to cluster near Neptune's n:1 resonances (e.g: 3:1, 4:1, and so on). While these objects spend lengthy periods of time at large heliocentric distances, if…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 Matthew S. Clement , Scott S. Sheppard

The Kuiper belt includes tens of thousands of large bodies and millions of smaller objects. The main part of the belt objects is located in the annular zone between 39.4 au and 47.8 au from the Sun, the boundaries correspond to the average…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-24 E. V. Pitjeva , N. P. Pitjev

A distant, massive planet in the outer solar system has recently been proposed to explain some observed features of extreme trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). Here we use N-body simulations of the formation of the Kuiper belt and Oort cloud as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-13 Kalee E. Anderson , Nathan A. Kaib