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Recent years have seen some significant progress in theoretical studies of physics of dense matter. Combined with the observational data now available from the successful launch of Chandra and XMM/Newton X-ray space missions as well as…
With the successful launch of Chandra and XMM/Newton X-ray space missions combined with the lower-energy band observations, we are in the position where careful comparison of neutron star cooling theories with observations will make it…
We review current state of neutron star cooling theory and discuss the prospects to constrain the equation of state, neutrino emission and superfluid properties of neutron star cores by comparing the cooling theory with observations of…
Observations of thermal radiation from neutron stars can potentially provide information about the states of supranuclear matter in the interiors of these stars with the aid of the theory of neutron-star thermal evolution. We review the…
The possibility for direct investigation of thermal emission from isolated neutron stars was opened about 25 years ago with the launch of the first X-ray observatory, Einstein. A significant contribution to this study was provided by ROSAT…
A collection of modern, field-theoretical equations of state is applied to the investigation of cooling properties of compact stars. These comprise neutron stars as well as hypothetical strange matter stars, made up of absolutely stable…
Thermal evolution of neutron stars is known to depend on the properties of superdense matter in neutron star cores. We suggest a statistical analysis of isolated cooling middle-aged neutron stars and old transiently accreting…
The cooling theory of isolated neutron stars is reviewed. The main cooling regulators are discussed, first of all, operation of direct Urca process (or similar processes in exotic phases of dense matter) and superfluidity in stellar…
Observation of cooling neutron stars can potentially provide information about the states of matter at supernuclear densities. We review physical properties important for cooling such as neutrino emission processes and superfluidity in the…
We study thermal evolution of isolated neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories for the first time. Whether the rapid cooling due to the direct Urca process occurs or not is an interesting question in the viewpoint of the temperature…
The impact of nuclear physics theories on cooling of isolated neutron stars is analyzed. Physical properties of neutron star matter important for cooling are reviewed such as composition, the equation of state, superfluidity of various…
After a brief summary of neutron star cooling theory I present results which emphasize the importance of baryon pairing in the neutron star core. I show how the thermal evolution may be totally controlled by pairing for models which include…
Observations of thermal radiation from neutron stars allow one to measure the surface temperatures and confront them with cooling scenarios. Detection of gravitationally redshifted spectral lines can yield the mass-to-radius ratio. In the…
I give a general overview of the theory of neutron star cooling, emphasizing the intuitive understanding of the effects of the various physical ingredients, including the recently proposed accreted envelopes and neutrino emission from…
We model the thermal states of both isolated neutron stars and accreting neutron stars in X-ray transients in quiescence and confront them with observations. We use an equation of state and superfluid baryon gaps, which are consistently…
We study different stages of the neutron star cooling by computing neutron star properties at various temperatures and entropies using an effective chiral model including hadronic and quark degrees of freedom. Macroscopic properties of the…
The physics of compact objects is one of the very actively developing branches of theoretical investigations, since the careful analysis of different models for the internal structure of these objects, their evolutionary characteristics and…
We apply our recently suggested statistical approach to thermal evolution of isolated neutron stars and accreting quasistationary neutron stars in X-ray transients for constraining the position and relative broadening alpha of the direct…
The implications of hyperon pairing for the thermal evolution of neutron stars containing hyperons are investigated. The outcome of cooling simulations are compared for neutron star models composed only of nucleons and leptons, models…
We study the cooling of isolated neutron stars, employing different nuclear equations of state with or without active direct Urca process, and investigate the interplay with the nuclear pairing gaps. We find that a consistent description of…