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Interactions of cosmic ray protons, atomic nuclei, and electrons in the interstellar medium in the inner part of the Milky Way produce a $\gamma$-ray flux from the Galactic Ridge. If the $\gamma$-ray emission is dominated by proton and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-05-15 A. Albert , S. Alves , M. André , M. Ardid , S. Ardid , J. -J. Aubert , J. Aublin , B. Baret , S. Basa , Y. Becherini , B. Belhorma , M. Bendahman , F. Benfenati , V. Bertin , S. Biagi , M. Bissinger , J. Boumaaza , M. Bouta , M. C. Bouwhuis , H. Brânzaş , R. Bruijn , J. Brunner , J. Busto , B. Caiffi , D. Calvo , S. Campion , A. Capone , L. Caramete , F. Carenini , J. Carr , V. Carretero , S. Celli , L. Cerisy , M. Chabab , T. N. Chau , R. Cherkaoui El Moursli , T. Chiarusi , M. Circella , J. A. B. Coelho , A. Coleiro , R. Coniglione , P. Coyle , A. Creusot , A. F. Díaz , B. De Martino , C. Distefano , I. Di Palma , A. Domi , C. Donzaud , D. Dornic , D. Drouhin , T. Eberl , T. van Eeden , D. van Eijk , S. El Hedri , N. El Khayati , A. Enzenhöfer , M. Fasano , P. Fermani , G. Ferrara , F. Filippini , L. Fusco , S. Gagliardini , J. García , C. Gatius Oliver , P. Gay , N. Geißelbrecht , H. Glotin , R. Gozzini , R. Gracia Ruiz , K. Graf , C. Guidi , L. Haegel , S. Hallmann , H. van Haren , A. J. Heijboer , Y. Hello , J. J. Hernández-Rey , J. Hößl , J. Hofestädt , F. Huang , G. Illuminati , C. W. James , B. Jisse-Jung , M. de Jong , P. de Jong , M. Kadler , O. Kalekin , U. Katz , A. Kouchner , I. Kreykenbohm , V. Kulikovskiy , R. Lahmann , M. Lamoureux , A. Lazo , D. Lefèvre , E. Leonora , G. Levi , S. Le Stum , D. Lopez-Coto , S. Loucatos , L. Maderer , J. Manczak , M. Marcelin , A. Margiotta , A. Marinelli , J. A. Martínez-Mora , P. Migliozzi , A. Moussa , R. Muller , L. Nauta , S. Navas , A. Neronov , E. Nezri , B. Ó Fearraigh , A. Păun , G. E. Păvălaş , M. Perrin-Terrin , V. Pestel , P. Piattelli , C. Poirè , V. Popa , T. Pradier , N. Randazzo , D. Real , S. Reck , G. Riccobene , A. Romanov , A. Sánchez-Losa , A. Saina , F. Salesa Greus , D. F. E. Samtleben , M. Sanguineti , P. Sapienza , D. Savchenko , J. Schnabel , J. Schumann , F. Schüssler , J. Seneca , M. Spurio , Th. Stolarczyk , M. Taiuti , Y. Tayalati , S. J. Tingay , B. Vallage , G. Vannoye , V. Van Elewyck , S. Viola , D. Vivolo , J. Wilms , S. Zavatarelli , A. Zegarelli , J. D. Zornoza , J. Zúñiga

Astrophysical neutrinos are expected to be produced in the interactions of ultra-high energy cosmic-rays with surrounding photons. The fluxes of the astrophysical neutrinos are highly dependent on the characteristics of the cosmic-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-04 Shigeru Yoshida , Aya Ishihara

We study the contribution of Galactic sources to the flux of astrophysical neutrinos recently observed by the IceCube Collaboration. We show that in the simplest model of homogeneous and isotropic cosmic ray diffusion in the Milky Way the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-02-05 Markus Ahlers , Yang Bai , Vernon Barger , Ran Lu

IceCube has discovered a flux of astrophysical neutrinos and presented evidence for the first neutrino sources, a flaring blazar known as TXS 0506+056 and the active galaxy NGC 1068. However, the sources responsible for the majority of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-28 Stephen Sclafani , Mirco Huennefeld

Galactic and extragalactic objects in the universe are sources of high-energy neutrinos {that may contribute to the astrophysical neutrino signal seen by IceCube.} Recently, a study done using cascade-like events seen by IceCube reported…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-02 Abhishek Desai , Justin Vandenbroucke , Samalka Anandagoda , Jessie Thwaites , M. J. Romfoe

Low-energy neutrinos from the cosmic background are captured by objects in the sky that contain material susceptible of single beta decay. Neutrons, which compose most of a neutron star, capture low-energy neutrinos from the cosmic neutrino…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-12 Beatriz Hernandez-Molinero , Raul Jimenez , Carlos Peña Garay

Cosmic rays escaping the Milky-Way disk interact with circumgalactic gas which fills the virial volume of our Galaxy. These interactions should produce guaranteed fluxes of energetic diffuse neutrinos and photons observable at the Earth.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-28 Oleg Kalashev , Nickolay Martynenko , Sergey Troitsky

This research is to determine at Earth the high-energy neutrino flux coming from the galactic core, and from the many other accretion disks within the galactic core. It is estimated there are 10,000 such accretion disk within the cubic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-01 Ayshea Bains , Trent English , Nickolas Solomey

Gamma-ray emission from the plane of the Milky Way is understood as partly originating from the interaction of cosmic rays with the interstellar medium. The same interaction is expected to produce a corresponding flux of neutrinos. In 2023,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-14 Ludwig Neste , Mirco Hünnefeld , Chad Finley

The diffuse emission of gamma-rays and neutrinos, produced by interactions of cosmic rays with interstellar matter in the Milky Way, provides valuable insights into cosmic ray propagation and Galactic processes. Emission models…

The Galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission is conventionally modeled as the product of cosmic-ray interactions with the interstellar medium. However, the cumulative contribution of stellar atmospheres acting as hadronic interaction targets…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-14 Yanbo Wang , Zhenglong Wang , Rui Zhang , Yi Zhang

High-energy neutrinos present the ultimate signature for a cosmic ray accelerator. Galactic sources responsible for acceleration of cosmic ray up to the knee in cosmic ray spectrum will provide a guaranteed, albeit subdominant, contribution…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-06-30 Ali Kheirandish

Astrophysical neutrinos can be produced in proton interactions of charged cosmic rays with ambient photon or baryonic fields. Cosmic rays are observed in balloon, satellite and air shower experiments every day, from below 1e9 eV up to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-18 Julia K. Becker

We summarize recent results of the observations of high (1 TeV-100 PeV) and ultrahigh ($\geq 100$ PeV) energy neutrinos, including the detection of a diffuse cosmic high-energy neutrino background, the identification of the first neutrino…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-13 Ke Fang , Kohta Murase

The cosmic neutrino background (C$\nu$B) can be boosted to high energies due to scatterings with energetic cosmic rays (CRs) across cosmological scales. Previous calculations focused on neutral current incoherent and coherent elastic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-16 Gonzalo Herrera , Shunsaku Horiuchi , Xiaolin Qi , Ian M. Shoemaker

The flux of very high-energy neutrinos produced in our Galaxy by the interaction of accelerated cosmic rays with the interstellar medium is not yet determined. The characterization of this flux will shed light on Galactic accelerator…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-09-20 A. Albert , M. André , M. Anghinolfi , G. Anton , M. Ardid , J. -J. Aubert , T. Avgitas , B. Baret , J. Barrios-Martí , S. Basa , B. Belhorma , V. Bertin , S. Biagi , R. Bormuth , S. Bourret , M. C. Bouwhuis , R. Bruijn , J. Brunner , J. Busto , A. Capone , L. Caramete , J. Carr , S. Celli , R. Cherkaoui El Moursli , T. Chiarusi , M. Circella , J. A. B. Coelho , A. Coleiro , R. Coniglione , H. Costantini , P. Coyle , A. Creusot , A. F. Díaz , A. Deschamps , G. De Bonis , C. Distefano , I. Di Palma , A. Domi , C. Donzaud , D. Dornic , D. Drouhin , T. Eberl , I. El Bojaddaini , N. El Khayati , D. Elsässer , A. Enzenhöfer , A. Ettahiri , F. Fassi , I. Felis , L. A. Fusco , S. Galatà , P. Gay , V. Giordano , H. Glotin , T. Grégoire , R. Gracia Ruiz , K. Graf , S. Hallmann , H. van Haren , A. J. Heijboer , Y. Hello , J. J. Hernández-Rey , J. Hößl , J. Hofestädt , C. Hugon , G. Illuminati , C. W. James , M. de Jong , M. Jongen , M. Kadler , O. Kalekin , U. Katz , D. Kießling , A. Kouchner , M. Kreter , I. Kreykenbohm , V. Kulikovskiy , C. Lachaud , R. Lahmann , D. Lefèvre , E. Leonora , M. Lotze , S. Loucatos , M. Marcelin , A. Margiotta , A. Marinelli , J. A. Martínez-Mora , R. Mele , K. Melis , T. Michael , P. Migliozzi , A. Moussa , S. Navas , E. Nezri , M. Organokov , G. E. Păvălaş , C. Pellegrino , C. Perrina , P. Piattelli , V. Popa , T. Pradier , L. Quinn , C. Racca , G. Riccobene , A. Sánchez-Losa , M. Saldaña , I. Salvadori , D. F. E. Samtleben , M. Sanguineti , P. Sapienza , F. Schüssler , C. Sieger , M. Spurio , Th. Stolarczyk , M. Taiuti , Y. Tayalati , A. Trovato , D. Turpin , C. Tönnis , B. Vallage , V. Van Elewyck , F. Versari , D. Vivolo , A. Vizzoca , J. Wilms , J. D. Zornoza , J. Zúñiga , D. Gaggero , D. Grasso

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has provided the first map of the high energy (~ 0.01 -- 1 PeV) sky in neutrinos. Since neutrinos propagate undeflected, their arrival direction is an important identifier for sources of high energy particle…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-12-23 Kimberly Emig , Cecilia Lunardini , Rogier Windhorst

The Cosmic Neutrino Background (C$\nu$B) constitutes the last observable prediction of the standard cosmological model, which has yet to be detected directly. In this work, we show how the coherent scattering of neutrinos off dense neutron…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-08 Garv Chauhan

Clusters of galaxies can potentially produce cosmic rays (CRs) up to very-high energies via large-scale shocks and turbulent acceleration. Due to their unique magnetic-field configuration, CRs with energy $\leq 10^{17}$ eV can be trapped…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-07 Saqib Hussain , Rafael Alves Batista , Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino , Klaus Dolag

The Ice Cube Neutrino Observatory has been measuring an isotropic astrophysical neutrino flux in multiple detection channels for almost a decade. Galactic diffuse emission, which arises from the interactions between cosmic rays and the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-17 Philipp Fürst