Related papers: Relativistic Particles in Clusters of Galaxies
On the largest scales, the Universe consists of voids and filaments making up the cosmic web. Galaxy clusters are located at the knots in this web, at the intersection of filaments. Clusters grow through accretion from these large-scale…
The Intra-Cluster Medium (ICM) is a rarefied, hot, highly ionized, metal rich, weakly magnetized plasma. In these proceeding, after having reviewed some basic ICM properties, I discuss recent results obtained with the BeppoSAX, XMM-Newton…
This Meeting featured the recent advancements in our understanding of galaxy clusters and the distant Universe, achieved by the past and new generation of X-ray satellites. I summarize here the main themes that have been discussed: (a)…
Clusters of galaxies are the largest gravitationally bounded structures in the Universe dominated by dark matter. We review the observational appearance and physical models of plasma structures in clusters of galaxies. Bubbles of…
We will discuss the properties and origins of halos and relics including estimates of the cluster magnetic fields, and present results for a few recently discovered halos and relics. The electrons in the suprathermal high energy tail of the…
In the next years the FERMI gamma ray telescope and the Cherenkov telescopes will put very stringent constraints to models of gamma ray emission from galaxy clusters providing crucial information on relativistic particles in the…
Galaxy clusters are unique laboratories to investigate turbulent fluid motions and large scale magnetic fields. Synchrotron radio halos at the center of merging galaxy clusters provide the most spectacular and direct evidence of the…
The X-ray emission from clusters of galaxies is one of the best observational probe to investigate the distribution of dark matter at intermediate and high redshifts. Since the disposition of the intracluster plasma (ICP) responsible of the…
We present a first attempt to investigate the origin of radio-emitting electrons in the newly discovered class of mega radio halos in clusters of galaxies. We study the evolution of relativistic electrons accreted by the external regions of…
Diffuse radio emission from galaxy clusters in the form of radio halos and relics are tracers of the shocks and turbulence in the intra-cluster medium. The imprints of the physical processes that govern their origin and evolution can be…
We investigate the spatial behaviour of the total comptonization parameter $y_{tot}$ evaluated for a galaxy cluster containing two population of electrons: the thermal population, with energy around some KeV and whose trace is evident in…
In the last eight years, the Chandra and XMM-Newton satellites changed significantly our view of X-ray clusters of galaxies. In particular, several complex phenomena have been directly observed: interactions between cluster galaxies and the…
Relativistic electrons, seen in the large diffuse radio halo of the Coma cluster of galaxies, should scatter background photons to higher energies. We calculate the inverse Compton contributions from the microwave background, from the local…
The masses of clusters of galaxies estimated by gravitational lensing exceed in many cases the mass estimates based on hydrostatic equilibrium. This may suggest the existence of nonthermal pressure. We ask if radio galaxies can heat and…
The number of diffuse radio halos in clusters of galaxies has grown in recent years, making it possible to derive statistical properties of these sources and of the hosting clusters. We show that diffuse sources are associated with X-ray…
Low-frequency radio observations are revealing an increasing number of diffuse synchrotron sources from galaxy clusters, dominantly in the form of radio halos or radio relics. The existence of this diffuse synchrotron emission indicates the…
Radio bubbles, ubiquitous features of the intracluster medium around active galactic nuclei, are known to rise buoyantly for multiple scale heights through the intracluster medium (ICM). It is an open question how the bubbles can retain…
Observations of galaxy clusters show that the intracluster medium (ICM) is likely to be turbulent and is certainly magnetized. The properties of this magnetized turbulence are determined both by fundamental nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic…
Models for the evolution of the integrated energy spectrum of primary cosmic ray electrons in clusters of galaxies have been calculated, including the effects of losses due to inverse Compton (IC), synchrotron, and bremsstrahlung emission,…
In this review, we describe our current understanding of cluster formation: from the general picture of collapse from initial density fluctuations in an expanding Universe to detailed simulations of cluster formation including the effects…