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The intermediate neutron capture process (i-process) operates at neutron densities between those of the slow and rapid neutron-capture processes. It can be triggered by the ingestion of protons in a convective helium-burning region. One…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-30 A. Choplin , S. Goriely , L. Siess

This is an exciting time for the study of r-process nucleosynthesis. Recently, a neutron star merger GW170817 was observed in extraordinary detail with gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation from radio to gamma rays. The very red…

Half of the heavy elements including all actinides are produced in r-process nucleosynthesis whose sites and history still remain a mystery. If continuously produced, the Interstellar Medium (ISM) is expected to build up a quasi-steady…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-29 A. Wallner , T. Faestermann , J. Feige , C. Feldstein , K. Knie , G. Korschinek , W. Kutschera , A. Ofan , M. Paul , F. Quinto , G. Rugel , P. Steier

GW170817 has confirmed binary neutron star mergers as one of the sites for rapid neutron capture ($r$) process. However, there are large theoretical and experimental uncertainties associated with the resulting nucleosynthesis calculations…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-02-16 Projjwal Banerjee , Meng-Ru Wu , Jeena S. K

We explore the effects of nuclear masses on the temperature and neutron density conditions required for r-process nucleosynthesis using four nuclear mass models augmented by the latest atomic mass evaluation. For each model we derive the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-01-31 X. D. Xu , B. Sun , Z. M. Niu , Z. Li , Y. -Z. Qian , J. Meng

This is the second paper of a series which aims at quantifying the uncertainties in chemical evolution model predictions related to the underlying model assumptions. Specifically, it deals with the uncertainties due to the choice of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-19 D. Romano , A. I. Karakas , M. Tosi , F. Matteucci

Theoretically predicted yields of elements created by the rapid neutron capture (r-) process carry potentially large uncertainties associated with incomplete knowledge of nuclear properties and approximative hydrodynamical modelling of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-05-24 I. Kullmann , S. Goriely , O. Just , A. Bauswein , H. -T. Janka

Abundance observations indicate the presence of often surprisingly large amounts of neutron capture (i.e., s- and r-process) elements in old Galactic halo and globular cluster stars. These observations provide insight into the nature of the…

Lanthanide element signatures are key to understanding many astrophysical observables, from merger kilonova light curves to stellar and solar abundances. To learn about the lanthanide element synthesis that enriched our solar system, we…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-02-12 Nicole Vassh , Gail C. McLaughlin , Matthew R. Mumpower , Rebecca Surman

The rapid neutron capture process (r-process) is thought to be responsible for the creation of more than half of all elements beyond iron. The scientific challenges to understanding the origin of the heavy elements beyond iron lie in both…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-12 S. Brett , I. Bentley , N. Paul , R. Surman , A. Aprahamian

Nucleosynthesis of heavy nuclei in metal-poor stars is generally thought to occur via the r-process because the r-process is a primary process that would have operated early in the Galaxy's history. This idea is strongly supported by the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Richard Boyd , Michael Famiano , Bradley Meyer , Yuko Motizuki , Toshitaka Kajino , Ian Roederer

The r-process constitutes one of the major challenges in nuclear astrophysics. Its astrophysical site has not yet been identified but there is observational evidence suggesting that at least two possible sites should contribute to the solar…

Analysis of bulk meteorite compositions has revealed small isotopic variations due to the presence of material (e.g., stardust) that preserved the signature of nuclear reactions occurring in specific stellar sites. The interpretation of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-05 Maria Lugaro , Mattias Ek , Mária Pető , Marco Pignatari , Georgy V. Makhatadze , Isaac J. Onyett , Maria Schönbächler

This review of the rapid-neutron-capture (i.e. r-) process starts with determining the Solar System r-abundance pattern via first obtaining (and subtracting) the contribution from the slow-neutron capture (s-) process. We emphasize the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-05 Friedrich-Karl Thielemann , John J. Cowan

The astrophysical rapid neutron capture process or `$r$ process' of nucleosynthesis is believed to be responsible for the production of approximately half the heavy element abundances found in nature. This multifaceted problem remains one…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-01-20 M. R. Mumpower , R. Surman , G. C. McLaughlin , A. Aprahamian

The abundances of r-process elements of very metal-poor stars capture the history of the r-process enrichment in the early stage of star formation in a galaxy. Currently, various types of astrophysical sites including neutron star mergers,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-06-09 Yuta Tarumi , Kenta Hotokezaka , Paz Beniamini

Abundances of heavier elements (barium and beyond) in many neutron-capture-element-rich halo stars accurately replicate the solar system r-process pattern. However, abundances of lighter neutron-capture elements in these stars are not…

The supernova yields of r-process elements are obtained as a function of the mass of their progenitor stars from the abundance patterns of extremely metal-poor stars on the left-side [Ba/Mg]-[Mg/H] boundary with a procedure proposed by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Zhe Chen , Jiang Zhang , YanPing Chen , WenYuan Cui , Bo Zhang

We revisit a neutrino-driven r-process mechanism in the He shell of a core-collapse supernova, finding that it could succeed in early stars of metallicity < solar/1000, at relatively low temperatures and neutron densities, producing A ~ 130…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-07-11 P. Banerjee , W. C. Haxton , Y. -Z. Qian

The r-process involves neutron-rich nuclei far off stability for which no experimental cross sections are known. Therefore, one has to rely on theory. The difficulties in the predictions are briefly addressed. To investigate the impact of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 T. Rauscher