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Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress in open-ended dialogue, yet their inability to retain and retrieve relevant information from long-term interactions limits their effectiveness in applications requiring sustained…

Large Language Model-based agents(LLM-based agents) are increasingly deployed in customer service, yet they often forget across sessions, repeat errors, and lack mechanisms for continual self-improvement. This makes them unreliable in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yizhe Huang , Yang Liu , Ruiyu Zhao , Xiaolong Zhong , Xingming Yue , Ling Jiang

Building a general-purpose agent is a long-standing vision in the field of artificial intelligence. Existing agents have made remarkable progress in many domains, yet they still struggle to complete long-horizon tasks in an open world. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Zaijing Li , Yuquan Xie , Rui Shao , Gongwei Chen , Dongmei Jiang , Liqiang Nie

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as an indispensable paradigm for enhancing reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, standard policy optimization methods, such as Group Relative Policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Pengyi Li , Elizaveta Goncharova , Andrey Kuznetsov , Ivan Oseledets

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents often suffer from high sample complexity in sparse or delayed reward settings due to limited prior structure. Large language models (LLMs) can provide subgoal decompositions, plausible trajectories, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Narjes Nourzad , Carlee Joe-Wong

Large language model (LLM)-based Multi-agent systems (MAS) have shown promise in tackling complex collaborative tasks, where agents are typically orchestrated via role-specific prompts. While the quality of these prompts is pivotal, jointly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zhexuan Wang , Xuebo Liu , Li Wang , Zifei Shan , Yutong Wang , Zhenxi Song , Min Zhang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for long-duration tasks, maintaining effective long-term memory has become a critical challenge. Current methods often face a trade-off between cost and accuracy. Simple storage methods…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Jiejun Tan , Zhicheng Dou , Liancheng Zhang , Yuyang Hu , Yiruo Cheng , Ji-Rong Wen

While large language models (LLMs) have recently made tremendous progress towards solving challenging AI problems, they have done so at increasingly steep computational and API costs. We propose a novel strategy where we combine multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Wenwen Si , Sooyong Jang , Insup Lee , Osbert Bastani

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as autonomous agents in complex, long-horizon applications, where effective memory is critical for sustained performance. Yet existing memory benchmarks are largely dialogue-centric, while…

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for facilitating the self-improvement of large language models (LLMs), particularly in the domain of complex reasoning tasks. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Ziru Liu , Cheng Gong , Xinyu Fu , Yaofang Liu , Ran Chen , Shoubo Hu , Suiyun Zhang , Rui Liu , Qingfu Zhang , Dandan Tu

Long-term conversational memory is a core capability for LLM-based dialogue systems, yet existing benchmarks and evaluation protocols primarily focus on surface-level factual recall. In realistic interactions, appropriate responses often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yifei Li , Weidong Guo , Lingling Zhang , Rongman Xu , Muye Huang , Hui Liu , Lijiao Xu , Yu Xu , Jun Liu

The rapid rise of synthetic media has made deepfake detection a critical challenge for online safety and trust. Progress remains constrained by the scarcity of large, high-quality datasets. Although multimodal large language models (LLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Tuan Nguyen , Naseem Khan , Khang Tran , NhatHai Phan , Issa Khalil

Reinforcement learning has significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex problem-solving tasks. Recently, the introduction of DeepSeek R1 has inspired a surge of interest in leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jinghang Han , Jiawei Chen , Hang Shao , Hao Ma , Mingcheng Li , Xintian Shen , Lihao Zheng , Wei Chen , Tao Wei , Lihua Zhang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become a standard recipe for post-training LLMs on reasoning tasks, with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) emerging as a leading approach. However, GRPO and its variants are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chanakya Ekbote , Vijay Lingam , Sujay Sanghavi , Jun Huan , Behrooz Omidvar-Tehrani , Anoop Deoras , Stefano Soatto

Large Language Models (LLMs) based agents excel at diverse tasks, yet they suffer from brittle procedural memory that is manually engineered or entangled in static parameters. In this work, we investigate strategies to endow agents with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Runnan Fang , Yuan Liang , Xiaobin Wang , Jialong Wu , Shuofei Qiao , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in solving complex mathematical problems, yet they still fall short of producing accurate and consistent solutions. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a framework for aligning these models with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ali Hatamizadeh , Shrimai Prabhumoye , Igor Gitman , Ximing Lu , Seungju Han , Wei Ping , Yejin Choi , Jan Kautz

Large language models (LLMs) benefit substantially from supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) in reasoning tasks. However, these recipes perform poorly in instruction-based molecular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Xuan Li , Zhanke Zhou , Zongze Li , Jiangchao Yao , Yu Rong , Lu Zhang , Bo Han

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced in reasoning tasks through reinforcement learning (RL) optimization, achieving impressive capabilities across various challenging benchmarks. However, our empirical analysis reveals a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Junyi Li , Hwee Tou Ng

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is central to aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) in reasoning tasks with verifiable rewards. However, standard token-level PPO struggles in this setting due to the instability of temporal credit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Tianyi Wang , Yixia Li , Long Li , Yibiao Chen , Shaohan Huang , Yun Chen , Peng Li , Yang Liu , Guanhua Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) based agents have demonstrated remarkable potential in autonomous task-solving across complex, open-ended environments. A promising approach for improving the reasoning capabilities of LLM agents is to better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Siyu Xia , Zekun Xu , Jiajun Chai , Wentian Fan , Yan Song , Xiaohan Wang , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang
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