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Emerging reasoning LLMs such as OpenAI-o1 and DeepSeek-R1 have achieved strong performance on complex reasoning tasks by generating long chain-of-thought (CoT) traces. However, these long CoTs result in increased token usage, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yuxiang Zhang , Zhengxu Yu , Weihang Pan , Zhongming Jin , Qiang Fu , Deng Cai , Binbin Lin , Jieping Ye

Recent advances on Multi-modal Large Language Models have demonstrated that high-resolution image input is crucial for model capabilities, especially for fine-grained tasks. However, high-resolution images lead to a quadratic increase in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yuke Zhu , Chi Xie , Shuang Liang , Bo Zheng , Sheng Guo

Coding agents accumulate extensive context during long-running tasks, yet fixed context windows force practitioners to choose between truncation and task failure. While numerous memory condensation strategies have been proposed, from simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Renuka Chintalapati , Sid Raskar , Anurag Acharya , Jared Willard , Patrick Emami , Sameera Horawalavithana

Subword tokenization requires balancing computational efficiency and vocabulary coverage, which often leads to suboptimal performance on languages and scripts not prioritized during training. We propose to augment pretrained language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jonas F. Lotz , Hendra Setiawan , Stephan Peitz , Yova Kementchedjhieva

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in Open-Domain Question Answering (ODQA) by leveraging external documents through Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). To reduce RAG overhead, from longer context, context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yeonseok Jeong , Jinsu Kim , Dohyeon Lee , Seung-won Hwang

Flow matching has demonstrated strong generative capabilities and has become a core component in modern Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems. To ensure high-quality speech synthesis, Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) is widely used during the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-05 Yuzhe Liang , Wenzhe Liu , Chunyu Qiang , Zhikang Niu , Yushen Chen , Ziyang Ma , Wenxi Chen , Nan Li , Chen Zhang , Xie Chen

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) excel in visual understanding and reasoning, but the excessive visual tokens lead to high inference costs. Although recent token reduction methods mitigate this issue, they mainly target single-turn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yi Wang , Haofei Zhang , Qihan Huang , Anda Cao , Gongfan Fang , Wei Wang , Xuan Jin , Jie Song , Mingli Song , Xinchao Wang

Deep learning models have become state of the art for natural language processing (NLP) tasks, however deploying these models in production system poses significant memory constraints. Existing compression methods are either lossy or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Anish Acharya , Rahul Goel , Angeliki Metallinou , Inderjit Dhillon

High-dimensional token embeddings underpin Large Language Models (LLMs), as they can capture subtle semantic information and significantly enhance the modelling of complex language patterns. However, this high dimensionality also introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Mingxue Xu , Yao Lei Xu , Danilo P. Mandic

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting improves reasoning but often increases inference cost by one to two orders of magnitude. To address these challenges, we present \textbf{OneLatent}, a framework that compresses intermediate reasoning into a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Bo Lv , Yasheng Sun , Junjie Wang , Haoxiang Shi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate executable outputs, JSON objects, and API calls, where a single syntax error can make the output unusable. Constrained decoding enforces validity token-by-token via masking and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Avinash Reddy , Thayne T. Walker , James S. Ide , Amrit Singh Bedi

Automatic localization of text-lines in handwritten documents is still an open and challenging research problem. Various writing issues such as uneven spacing between the lines, oscillating and touching text, and the presence of skew become…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Bulla Rajesh , Sk Mahafuz Zaman , Mohammed Javed , P. Nagabhushan

Automated Test Case Generation (ATCG) is crucial for evaluating software reliability, particularly in competitive programming where robust algorithm assessments depend on diverse and accurate test cases. However, existing ATCG methods often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Sicheol Sung , Aditi , Dogyu kim , Yo-Sub Han , Sang-Ki Ko

Recently, significant accuracy improvement has been achieved for acoustic recognition systems by increasing the model size of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. Unfortunately, the ever-increasing size of LSTM model leads to inefficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-21 Shuo Wang , Zhe Li , Caiwen Ding , Bo Yuan , Yanzhi Wang , Qinru Qiu , Yun Liang

Existing key-value (KV) cache compression methods for large language models (LLMs) often rely on token eviction, which risks losing critical local information in both long prefilling and decoding scenarios. When extrapolating beyond the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jushi Kai , Yixuan Wang , Boyi Zeng , Haoli Bai , Bo Jiang , Ziwei He , Zhouhan Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) require substantial computational resources during generation. While the Key-Value (KV) cache significantly accelerates this process by storing attention intermediates, its memory footprint grows linearly with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yi Su , Quantong Qiu , Yuechi Zhou , Juntao Li , Qingrong Xia , Ping Li , Xinyu Duan , Zhefeng Wang , Min Zhang

Large language models are increasingly capable of handling long-context inputs, but the memory overhead of key-value (KV) cache remains a major bottleneck for general-purpose deployment. While various compression strategies have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Chenlong Deng , Zhisong Zhang , Kelong Mao , Shuaiyi Li , Tianqing Fang , Hongming Zhang , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu , Zhicheng Dou

The choice of tokenizer can profoundly impact language model performance, yet accessible and reliable evaluations of tokenizer quality remain an open challenge. Inspired by scaling consistency, we show that smaller models can accurately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jonas F. Lotz , António V. Lopes , Stephan Peitz , Hendra Setiawan , Leonardo Emili

Providing extensive context via prompting is vital for leveraging the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, lengthy contexts significantly increase inference latency, as the computational cost of self-attention grows…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Guojie Liu , Yiqi Wang , Yanfeng Yang , Wenqi Fan , Songlei Jian , Jianfeng Zhang , Jie Yu

Large language models typically employ vocabularies of over 100k tokens, which creates a major computational bottleneck at the final linear projection layer when performing speculative decoding. Current methods for vocabulary pruning depend…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhiyang Chen , Daliang Xu , Yinyuan Zhang , Chenghua Wang , Mengwei Xu , Yun Ma