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3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as a powerful explicit representation enabling real-time, high-fidelity 3D reconstruction and novel view synthesis. However, its practical use is hindered by the massive memory and computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Seokhyun Youn , Soohyun Lee , Geonho Kim , Weeyoung Kwon , Sung-Ho Bae , Jihyong Oh

Recent advances in 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) have greatly improved 3D reconstruction. However, its substantial data size poses a significant challenge for transmission and storage. While many compression techniques have been proposed,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Shuzhao Xie , Jiahang Liu , Weixiang Zhang , Shijia Ge , Sicheng Pan , Chen Tang , Yunpeng Bai , Cong Zhang , Xiaoyi Fan , Zhi Wang

Digital watermarking is widely used for copyright protection. Traditional 3D watermarking approaches or commercial software are typically designed to embed messages into 3D meshes, and later retrieve the messages directly from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Innfarn Yoo , Huiwen Chang , Xiyang Luo , Ondrej Stava , Ce Liu , Peyman Milanfar , Feng Yang

We study the problem of multi-bit watermarking for large language models (LLMs). We introduce a block-autoregressive model inspired by multi-token prediction, in which the encoder has limited non-causal access to token distributions within…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sidong Guo , Tyler Kann , Teodora Baluta , Matthieu R. Bloch

Underwater 3D reconstruction and appearance restoration are hindered by the complex optical properties of water, such as wavelength-dependent attenuation and scattering. Existing Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF)-based methods struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Xinrui Zhang , Yufeng Wang , Shuangkang Fang , Zesheng Wang , Dacheng Qi , Wenrui Ding

Recent advances in 3D Gaussian Splatting have allowed for real-time, high-fidelity novel view synthesis. Nonetheless, these models have significant storage requirements for large and medium-sized scenes, hindering their deployment over…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Diego Revilla , Pooja Suresh , Anand Bhojan , Ooi Wei Tsang

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) use advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence to significantly improve traffic flow management efficiency, and promote the intelligent development of the transportation industry. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yihao Wang , Lingxiao Li , Yifan Tang , Ru Zhang , Jianyi Liu

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has recently emerged as a pioneering approach in explicit scene rendering and computer graphics. Unlike traditional neural radiance field (NeRF) methods, which typically rely on implicit, coordinate-based models…

Invisible watermarking for autoregressive (AR) image generation has recently gained attention as a means of protecting image ownership and tracing AI-generated content. However, existing approaches suffer from three key limitations: (1)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yigit Yilmaz , Elena Petrova , Mehmet Kaya , Lucia Rossi , Amir Rahman

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as a promising framework for novel view synthesis, boasting rapid rendering speed with high fidelity. However, the substantial Gaussians and their associated attributes necessitate effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Yihang Chen , Qianyi Wu , Weiyao Lin , Mehrtash Harandi , Jianfei Cai

In the expanding field of generative artificial intelligence, integrating robust watermarking technologies is essential to protect intellectual property and maintain content authenticity. Traditionally, watermarking techniques have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Renyi Yang

Recently, 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has become a promising framework for novel view synthesis, offering fast rendering speeds and high fidelity. However, the large number of Gaussians and their associated attributes require effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Yufei Wang , Zhihao Li , Lanqing Guo , Wenhan Yang , Alex C. Kot , Bihan Wen

Recently, immersive media and autonomous driving applications have significantly advanced through 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS), which offers high-fidelity rendering and computational efficiency. Despite these advantages, 3DGS as a…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Kangli Wang , Shihao Li , Qianxi Yi , Wei Gao

State-of-the-art text-to-image models generate photorealistic images at an unprecedented speed. This work focuses on models that operate in a bitwise autoregressive manner over a discrete set of tokens that is practically infinite in size.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Louis Kerner , Michel Meintz , Bihe Zhao , Franziska Boenisch , Adam Dziedzic

Recently, 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as a prominent framework for novel view synthesis, providing high fidelity and rapid rendering speed. However, the substantial data volume of 3DGS and its attributes impede its practical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Taorui Wang , Zitong Yu , Yong Xu

With 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) advancing real-time and high-fidelity rendering for novel view synthesis, storage requirements pose challenges for their widespread adoption. Although various compression techniques have been proposed,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Yihang Chen , Qianyi Wu , Mengyao Li , Weiyao Lin , Mehrtash Harandi , Jianfei Cai

3D Gaussian splatting video (3DGS) streaming has recently emerged as a research hotspot in both academia and industry, owing to its impressive ability to deliver immersive 3D video experiences. However, research in this area is still in its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Han Gong , Qiyue Li , Jie Li , Zhi Liu

Reconstructing high-quality 3D scenes from low-resolution multi-view images remains challenging for 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS), because insufficient high-frequency observations often lead to blurred textures, weak boundaries, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jiaxiang Li , Zongtan Zhou , Zhen Tan , Yadong Liu , Dewen Hu

In this work, we revisit several key design choices of modern Transformer-based approaches for feed-forward 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) prediction. We argue that the common practice of regressing Gaussian means as depths along camera rays…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Jiawei Ren , Michal Jan Tyszkiewicz , Jiahui Huang , Zan Gojcic

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) is becoming a practical representation for novel view synthesis, but its growing adoption, together with rapid advances in instruction-driven 3DGS editing, also exposes a dual copyright risk: once a 3DGS-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Utae Jeong , Jaewan Choi , Junseok Lee , Jongheon Jeong , Sang Ho Yoon , ByoungSoo Koh , Sangpil Kim