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Spectral imaging is an umbrella term for energy-resolved x-ray imaging in medicine. The technique makes use of the energy dependence of x-ray attenuation to either increase the contrast-to-noise ratio, or to provide quantitative image data…

Medical Physics · Physics 2021-01-05 Erik Fredenberg

A method for extracting the dark-field signal in propagation-based phase-contrast imaging is proposed. In the case of objects consisting predominantly of a single material, or several different materials with similar ratios of the real…

Medical Physics · Physics 2021-11-16 T. E. Gureyev , D. M. Paganin , B. Arhatari , S. T. Taba , S. Lewis , P. C. Brennan , H. M. Quiney

X-ray phase contrast imaging holds great promise for improving the visibility of light-element materials such as soft tissues and tumors. Single-mask differential phase contrastnimaging method stands out as a simple and effective approach…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-02 Jingcheng Yuan , Mini Das

Background: X-ray dark-field imaging (XDFI) has been explored to provide superior performance over the conventional X-ray imaging for the diagnosis of many pathologic conditions. A simulation tool to reliably predict clinical XDFI images at…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-07-18 Yongjin Sung , Brandon Nelson , Rajiv Gupta

X-ray computed tomography (CT) in PET/CT is commonly operated with a single energy, resulting in a limitation of lacking tissue composition information. Dual-energy (DE) spectral CT enables material decomposition by using two different…

In this investigation, we applied a single-projection dark-field imaging technique to gain statistical information on the smallest airway structures within the lung$\unicode{x2014}$the alveoli$\unicode{x2014}$focusing on their size and…

X-ray dark-field radiography provides complementary diagnostic information to conventional attenuation imaging by visualizing microstructural tissue changes through small-angle scattering. However, the limited availability of such data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Lina Felsner , Henriette Bast , Tina Dorosti , Florian Schaff , Franz Pfeiffer , Daniela Pfeiffer , Julia Schnabel

Background: Material structures at the micrometer scale cause ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering, e.g., seen in lung tissue or plastic foams. In grating-based X-ray imaging, this causes a reduction of the fringe visibility, forming a…

We develop a speckle-tracking method for x-ray phase-contrast imaging, based on the concept of geometric flow. This flow is a conserved current associated with deformation of illuminating x-ray speckles induced by passage through a sample.…

Medical Physics · Physics 2018-11-14 David M. Paganin , Helene Labriet , Emmanuel Brun , Sebastien Berujon

The dark-field signal uncovers details beyond conventional X-ray attenuation contrast, which is especially valuable for material sciences. In particular, dark-field techniques are able to reveal structures beyond the spatial resolution of a…

Many clinical applications depend critically on the accurate differentiation and classification of different types of materials in patient anatomy. This work introduces a unified framework for accurate nonlinear material decomposition and…

Medical Physics · Physics 2018-03-19 Wei Zhao , Don Vernekohl , Fei Han , Bin Han , Hao Peng , Lei Xing , James K Min

Dual-energy computed tomography (CT) is to reconstruct images of an object from two projection datasets generated from two distinct x-ray source energy spectra. It can provide more accurate attenuation quantification than conventional CT…

Medical Physics · Physics 2018-05-15 Wenxiang Cong , Daniel Harrison , Yan Xi , Ge Wang

Recently, X-ray interferometers with more than one phase grating have been developed for differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging. In this study, a novel framework is developed to predict such interferometers' angular sensitivity responses…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-06-25 Jianwei Chen , Jiecheng Yang , Peiping Zhu , Ting Su , Huitao Zhang , Hairong Zheng , Dong Liang , Yongshuai Ge

Dual energy computed tomography (DECT) imaging plays an important role in advanced imaging applications due to its material decomposition capability. Image-domain decomposition operates directly on CT images using linear matrix inversion,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-20 Zhipeng Li , Saiprasad Ravishankar , Yong Long , Jeffrey A. Fessler

We propose a new technique for estimating spatially varying parametric materials from a single image of an object with unknown shape in unknown illumination. Our method uses a low-order parametric reflectance model, and incorporates strong…

Graphics · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Kevin Karsch , David Forsyth

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of graphene is important both for its characterization and as a model for other carbon materials. Despite great recent interest, the intrinsic photoemission of its single layer has not been unambiguously…

Spectral CT has great potential for a variety of clinical applications due to the improved material discrimination with respect to conventional CT. Many clinical and preclinical spectral CT systems have two spectral channels for dual-energy…

Medical Physics · Physics 2020-10-17 Matthew Tivnan , Wenying Wang , J. Webster Stayman

Wavefront-marking X-ray imaging techniques use e.g., sandpaper or a grating to generate intensity fluctuations, and analyze their distortion by the sample in order to retrieve attenuation, phase-contrast, and dark-field information. Phase…

Directional dark-field imaging is an emerging x-ray modality that is sensitive to unresolved anisotropic scattering from sub-pixel sample microstructures. A single-grid imaging set-up can be used to capture dark-field images by looking at…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-07 Michelle K Croughan , Ying Ying How , Allan Pennings , Kaye S Morgan

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) enables material-specific imaging through acquisitions at two different X-ray energy spectra. Material decomposition from DECT data is an ill-posed inverse problem that is highly sensitive to noise…