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Related papers: Molecular Lead Optimization via Agentic Tool Plann…

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Macrocyclic peptides are an emerging modality that combines biologics-like affinity with small-molecule-like developability, but their vast combinatorial space and multi-parameter objectives make lead optimization slow and challenging.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Trieu Nguyen , Hao-Wei Pang , Shasha Feng

Recent work has demonstrated the promise of orchestrating large language models (LLMs) within evolutionary and agentic optimization systems. However, the mechanisms driving these optimization gains remain poorly understood. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xinhao Zhang , Xi Chen , François Portet , Maxime Peyrard

Motivation: Automatic Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification is a critical and highly competitive area of research in bioinformatics because of its potential for expediting drug develop-ment and research. Predicting an unknown…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-08-09 Loris Nanni , Alessandra Lumini , Sheryl Brahnam

Particle tracking is among the most sophisticated and complex part of the full event reconstruction chain. A number of reconstruction algorithms work in a sequence to build these trajectories from detector hits. These algorithms use many…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-12-11 Rocky Bala Garg , Corentin Allaire , Andreas Salzburger , Hadrien Grasland , Lauren Tompkins , Elyssa Hofgard

Agentic systems for drug discovery have demonstrated autonomous synthesis planning, literature mining, and molecular design. We ask how well they generalize. Evaluating six frameworks against 15 task classes drawn from peptide therapeutics,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-12 Edward Wijaya

Large language models (LLMs) can generate syntactically valid optimization programs, yet often struggle to reliably choose an effective modeling strategy, leading to incorrect formulations and inefficient solver behavior. We propose SAGE, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ruiqing Zhao , Fengzhi Li , Yuan Zuo , Rui Liu , Yansong Liu , Yunfei Ma , Fanyu Meng , Junlan Feng

Data curriculums have become central to successful LLM training, yet principles governing optimal data placement remain unclear. We introduce the *training re-evaluation curve (TREC)*, a diagnostic that retrospectively evaluates training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Shane Bergsma , Nolan Dey , Joel Hestness

Molecular optimization is a central task in drug discovery that requires precise structural reasoning and domain knowledge. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in generating high-level editing intentions in natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Wenyu Zhu , Chengzhu Li , Xiaohe Tian , Yifan Wang , Yinjun Jia , Jianhui Wang , Bowen Gao , Ya-Qin Zhang , Wei-Ying Ma , Yanyan Lan

Chemists in search of structure-property relationships face great challenges due to limited high quality, concordant datasets. Machine learning (ML) has significantly advanced predictive capabilities in chemical sciences, but these modern…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yulia Pimonova , Michael G. Taylor , Alice Allen , Ping Yang , Nicholas Lubbers

Multi-step LLM pipelines can solve complex tasks, but jointly optimizing prompts across steps remains challenging due to missing step-level supervision and inter-step dependency. We propose ADOPT, an adaptive dependency-guided joint prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Minjun Zhao , Xinyu Zhang , Shuai Zhang , Deyang Li , Ruifeng Shi

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents exhibit inherent reasoning abilities through the collaboration of multiple tools. However, during agent inference, existing methods often suffer from (i) locally myopic generation, due to the absence of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Jian Zhang , Zhiyuan Wang , Zhangqi Wang , Yu He , Haoran Luo , li yuan , Lingling Zhang , Rui Mao , Qika Lin , Jun Liu

Recent advances in large language models have demonstrated considerable potential in scientific domains such as drug repositioning. However, their effectiveness remains constrained when reasoning extends beyond the knowledge acquired during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Zerui Yang , Yuwei Wan , Siyu Yan , Yudai Matsuda , Tong Xie , Bram Hoex , Linqi Song

Molecule optimization is about generating molecule $Y$ with more desirable properties based on an input molecule $X$. The state-of-the-art approaches partition the molecules into a large set of substructures $S$ and grow the new molecule…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Tianfan Fu , Cao Xiao , Jimeng Sun

Training data are usually limited or heterogeneous in many chemical and biological applications. Existing machine learning models for chemistry and materials science fail to consider generalizing beyond training domains. In this article, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Fang Wu , Nicolas Courty , Shuting Jin , Stan Z. Li

Evaluating open-ended outputs from large language models (LLMs) remains challenging due to the absence of ground truth. Existing metrics rely on final-answer accuracy or surface-level statistics, leaving the reasoning process itself…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yundong Kim , Heyoung Yang

Today digital revolution is having a dramatic impact on the pharmaceutical industry and the entire healthcare system. The implementation of machine learning, extreme-scale computer simulations, and big data analytics in the drug design and…

The design and development of effective drug formulations is a critical process in pharmaceutical research, particularly for small molecule active pharmaceutical ingredients. This paper introduces a novel agentic preformulation pathway…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-03-24 Julius Lange , Leonid Komissarov , Nicole Wyttenbach , Andrea Anelli

Agentic applications are LLMs that iteratively invoke external tools to accomplish complex tasks. Such tool-based agents are rapidly becoming the dominant paradigm for deploying language models in production. Unlike traditional single-turn…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Anish Biswas , Kanishk Goel , Srivarshinee S , Jayashree Mohan , Alind Khare , Anjaly Parayil , Ramachandran Ramjee , Chetan Bansal

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence in drug discovery encounters challenges with generalization and extensive training, yet Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promise in reshaping interactions with complex molecular data. Our…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-20 He Cao , Zijing Liu , Xingyu Lu , Yuan Yao , Yu Li

Cross-modal text-molecule retrieval task bridges molecule structures and natural language descriptions. Existing methods predominantly focus on aligning text modality and molecule modality, yet they overlook adaptively adjusting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Hongyan Wu , Peijian Zeng , Weixiong Zheng , Lianxi Wang , Nankai Lin , Shengyi Jiang , Aimin Yang