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Testing RESTful API is increasingly important in quality assurance of cloud-native applications. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) techniques have demonstrated that various testing activities can be performed automatically by large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xiaoke Han , Hong Zhu

REST APIs (Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces) play a vital role in modern cloud-native applications. As these APIs grow in complexity and scale, ensuring their correctness and robustness becomes increasingly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Robbe Nooyens , Tolgahan Bardakci , Mutlu Beyazit , Serge Demeyer

As modern web services increasingly rely on REST APIs, their thorough testing has become crucial. Furthermore, the advent of REST API documentation languages, such as the OpenAPI Specification, has led to the emergence of many black-box…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Myeongsoo Kim , Tyler Stennett , Saurabh Sinha , Alessandro Orso

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to build autonomous agents that perform complex tasks with external tools, often exposed through APIs in enterprise systems. Direct use of these APIs is difficult due to the complex input…

Representational State Transfer (REST) APIs are a cornerstone of modern cloud native systems. Ensuring their reliability demands automated test suites that exercise diverse and boundary level behaviors. Nevertheless, designing such test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Jarne Besjes , Robbe Nooyens , Tolgahan Bardakci , Mutlu Beyazit , Serge Demeyer

In many industrial domains, the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) is used to exchange simulation models as Functional Mock-up Units (FMUs) across different partners using various modelling tools. This opens up the possibilities for…

Automated testing for REST APIs has become essential for ensuring the correctness and reliability of modern web services. While existing approaches primarily focus on detecting server crashes and error codes, they often overlook logical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Ke Zhang , Chenxi Zhang , Chong Wang , Chi Zhang , YaChen Wu , Zhenchang Xing , Yang Liu , Qingshan Li , Xin Peng

Metamorphic Relations (MRs) serve as a foundational mechanism for generating semantically equivalent mutations. Software engineering has advanced significantly in recent years with the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mostafijur Rahman Akhond , Gias Uddin

This article discusses the challenges of testing software systems with increasingly integrated AI and LLM functionalities. LLMs are powerful but unreliable, and labeled ground truth for testing rarely scales. Metamorphic Testing solves this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Valerio Terragni

Modern web services rely heavily on REST APIs, typically documented using the OpenAPI specification. The widespread adoption of this standard has resulted in the development of many black-box testing tools that generate tests based on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Myeongsoo Kim , Saurabh Sinha , Alessandro Orso

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for translating natural-language statutes into executable logic, but reliability in legally critical settings remains challenging due to ambiguity and hallucinations. We present an agentic approach…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Sina Gogani-Khiabani , Ashutosh Trivedi , Diptikalyan Saha , Saeid Tizpaz-Niari

Modern web services increasingly rely on REST APIs. Effectively testing these APIs is challenging due to the vast search space to be explored, which involves selecting API operations for sequence creation, choosing parameters for each…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Myeongsoo Kim , Saurabh Sinha , Alessandro Orso

As REST APIs have become widespread in modern web services, comprehensive testing of these APIs is increasingly crucial. Because of the vast search space of operations, parameters, and parameter values, along with their dependencies and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Tyler Stennett , Myeongsoo Kim , Saurabh Sinha , Alessandro Orso

Evaluating large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems remains a critical challenge, as these systems must exhibit reliable coordination, transparent decision-making, and verifiable performance across evolving tasks. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 YenTing Lee , Keerthi Koneru , Zahra Moslemi , Sheethal Kumar , Ramesh Radhakrishnan

This paper presents a system that uses Large Language Models (LLMs)-based agents to automate the API-first development of RESTful microservices. This system helps to create an OpenAPI specification, generate server code from it, and refine…

REST APIs are prevalent among web service implementations, easing interoperability through the HTTP protocol. API testers and users exploit the widely adopted OpenAPI Specification (OAS), a machine-readable standard to document REST APIs.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Alix Decrop , Xavier Devroey , Mike Papadakis , Pierre-Yves Schobbens , Gilles Perrouin

Large Language Models are being increasingly deployed as the decision-making core of autonomous agents capable of effecting change in external environments. Yet, in conversational benchmarks, which simulate real-world customer-centric issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Amir Saeidi , Venkatesh Mishra , Souradeep Mukhopadhyay , Gaowen Liu , Ali Payani , Jayanth Srinivasa , Chitta Baral

Scenario testing is an important technique for detecting errors in web systems. Testers draft test scenarios and convert them into test scripts for execution. Early methods relied on testers to convert test scenarios into test scripts.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhenyu Wan , Gong Chen , Qing Huang , Xiaoyuan Xie

We present an agentic flow consisting of multiple agents that combine specialized LLMs and hardware simulation tools to collaboratively complete the complex task of Register Transfer Level (RTL) generation without human intervention. A key…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Athma Narayanan , Mahesh Subedar , Omesh Tickoo

Existing REST API testing tools are typically evaluated using code coverage and crash-based fault metrics. However, recent LLM-based approaches increasingly generate tests from NL requirements to validate functional behaviour, making…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Leon Kogler , Stefan Hangler , Maximilian Ehrhart , Benedikt Dornauer , Roland Wuersching , Peter Schrammel
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