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Large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) have the potential to transform biological research by enabling autonomous experimentation. Yet, their application remains constrained by rigid protocol design, limited…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Yibo Qiu , Zan Huang , Zhiyu Wang , Handi Liu , Yiling Qiao , Yifeng Hu , Shu'ang Sun , Hangke Peng , Ronald X Xu , Mingzhai Sun

Advancements in artificial intelligence for molecular science are necessitating a paradigm shift from purely data-driven predictions to knowledge-guided computational reasoning. Existing molecular models are predominantly proprietary,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Pengfei Liu , Shuang Ge , Jun Tao , Zhixiang Ren

In order to flexibly act in an everyday environment, a robotic agent needs a variety of cognitive capabilities that enable it to reason about plans and perform execution recovery. Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to demonstrate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Shinas Shaji , Fabian Huppertz , Alex Mitrevski , Sebastian Houben

Despite deep learning's success in chemistry, its impact is hindered by a lack of interpretability and an inability to resolve activity cliffs, where minor structural nuances trigger drastic property shifts. Current representation learning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xiangsen Chen , Ruilong Wu , Yanyan Lan , Ting Ma , Yang Liu

Deep learning is now widely used in drug discovery, providing significant acceleration and cost reduction. As the most fundamental building block, molecular representation is essential for predicting molecular properties to enable various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Haoqiang Guo , Sendong Zhao , Haochun Wang , Yanrui Du , Bing Qin

Understanding and continuously refining multimodal molecular knowledge is crucial for advancing biomedicine, chemistry, and materials science. Molecule language models (MoLMs) have become powerful tools in these domains, integrating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhenyu Lei , Patrick Soga , Yaochen Zhu , Yinhan He , Yushun Dong , Jundong Li

Developing machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) for complex materials systems remains challenging because it requires expertise in atomistic simulations, machine learning, and workflow design, as well as iterative active learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Wenwen Li , Yuki Orimo , Nontawat Charoenphakdee

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to models that tackle diverse molecular tasks, such as chemical reaction prediction and molecular property prediction. Large-scale molecular instruction-tuning datasets have enabled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chanhui Lee , Hanbum Ko , Yuheon Song , YongJun Jeong , Rodrigo Hormazabal , Sehui Han , Kyunghoon Bae , Sungbin Lim , Sungwoong Kim

Predicting cancer treatment outcomes requires models that are both accurate and interpretable, particularly in the presence of heterogeneous clinical data. While large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in biomedical NLP,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Raghu Vamshi Hemadri , Geetha Krishna Guruju , Kristi Topollai , Anna Ewa Choromanska

Optimizing the structure of molecules to achieve desired properties is a central bottleneck across the chemical sciences, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry where it underlies the discovery of new drugs. Since molecular property…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Fabian P. Krüger , Andrea Hunklinger , Adrian Wolny , Tim J. Adler , Igor Tetko , Santiago David Villalba

Applications of machine learning in chemistry are often limited by the scarcity and expense of labeled data, restricting traditional supervised methods. In this work, we introduce a framework for molecular reasoning using general-purpose…

Emerging reasoning models hold promise for automating scientific discovery. However, their training is hindered by a critical supervision gap: experimental outcomes are abundant, whereas intermediate reasoning steps are rarely documented at…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-24 Zequn Liu , Kehan Wu , Shufang Xie , Zekun Guo , Wei Zhang , Tao Qin , Renhe Liu , Yingce Xia

While large language models (LLMs) with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning excel in mathematics and coding, their potential for systematic reasoning in chemistry, a domain demanding rigorous structural analysis for real-world tasks like drug…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Hao Li , He Cao , Bin Feng , Yanjun Shao , Xiangru Tang , Zhiyuan Yan , Li Yuan , Yonghong Tian , Yu Li

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made impressive progress in many applications in recent years. However, chemical MLLMs that can handle cross-modal understanding and generation remain underexplored. To fill this gap, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Qian Tan , Dongzhan Zhou , Peng Xia , Wanhao Liu , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai , Yuqiang Li , Tianfan Fu

Artificial Intelligence predicts drug properties by encoding drug molecules, aiding in the rapid screening of candidates. Different molecular representations, such as SMILES and molecule graphs, contain complementary information for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Muzhen Cai , Sendong Zhao , Haochun Wang , Yanrui Du , Zewen Qiang , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Molecule and text representation learning has gained increasing interest due to its potential for enhancing the understanding of chemical information. However, existing models often struggle to capture subtle differences between molecules…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Hyuntae Park , Yeachan Kim , SangKeun Lee

A molecule's properties are fundamentally determined by its composition and structure encoded in its molecular graph. Thus, reasoning about molecular properties requires the ability to parse and understand the molecular graph. Large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Christoph Bartmann , Johannes Schimunek , Mykyta Ielanskyi , Philipp Seidl , Günter Klambauer , Sohvi Luukkonen

While automated chemical tools excel at specific tasks, they have struggled to capture the strategic thinking that characterizes expert chemical reasoning. Here we demonstrate that large language models (LLMs) can serve as powerful tools…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Andres M Bran , Theo A Neukomm , Daniel P Armstrong , Zlatko Jončev , Philippe Schwaller

We present a modular framework powered by large language models (LLMs) that automates and streamlines key tasks across the early-stage computational drug discovery pipeline. By combining LLM reasoning with domain-specific tools, the…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great ability in solving traditional natural language tasks and elementary reasoning tasks with appropriate prompting techniques. However, their ability is still limited in solving complicated science…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Pei Chen , Boran Han , Shuai Zhang