Related papers: Words for generalized Markov numbers
A group is Markov if it admits a prefix-closed regular language of unique representatives with respect to some generating set, and strongly Markov if it admits such a language of unique minimal-length representatives over every generating…
We study the graphs generated when the formula for linking Markov triples is applied to general triples of integers. We find there are a finite number of equivalence classes of graphs, each with particular properties.
We consider a natural $q$-deformation of the classical Markov numbers. This $q$-deformation is closely related to $q$-deformed rational numbers recently introduced by two of us. Both notions, those of $q$-rationals and $q$-Markov numbers,…
In many instances in first order logic or computable algebra, classical theorems show that many problems are undecidable for general structures, but become decidable if some rigidity is imposed on the structure. For example, the set of…
We find higher rank generalizations of the Razumov--Stroganov sum rules at $q=-e^{i\pi\over k+1}$ for $A_{k-1}$ models with open boundaries, by constructing polynomial solutions of level one boundary quantum Knizhnik--Zamolodchikov…
We use recent results on algorithms for Markov decision problems to show that a canonical form for a generalized P-matrix can be computed, in some important cases, by a strongly polynomial algorithm.
A simple model of the new notion of "Markov up" processes is proposed; its positive recurrence and ergodic properties are shown under the appropriate conditions.
We consider the problem of describing all non-negative integer solutions to a linear congruence in many variables. This question may be reduced to solving the congruence $x_1 + 2x_2 + 3x_3 + ... + (n-1)x_{n-1} \equiv 0 \pmod n$ where values…
A morphic word is obtained by iterating a morphism to generate an infinite word, and then applying a coding. We characterize morphic words with polynomial growth in terms of a new type of infinite word called a $\textit{zigzag word}$. A…
Markov-modulated L\'evy processes lead to matrix integral equations of the kind $ A_0 + A_1X+A_2 X^2+A_3(X)=0$ where $A_0$, $A_1$, $A_2$ are given matrix coefficients, while $A_3(X)$ is a nonlinear function, expressed in terms of integrals…
We consider the use of language models whose size and accuracy are intermediate between different order n-gram models. Two types of models are studied in particular. Aggregate Markov models are class-based bigram models in which the mapping…
A triple (a,b,c) of positive integers is called a Markoff triple iff it satisfies the diophantine equation a2 + b2 + c2 = abc . Recasting the Markoff tree, whose vertices are Markoff triples, in the framework of intergral upper triangular…
Markov's equation x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 3xyz is a widely studied topic in number theory, and the structure of its solutions has profound connections with mathematical fields such as combinatorics, hyperbolic geometry, approximation theory, and…
In this note we re-visit the fundamental question of the strong law of large numbers and central limit theorem for processes in continuous time with conditional stationary and independent increments. For convenience we refer to them as…
For each integer $m\ge3$, let $P_m(x)$ denote the generalized $m$-gonal number $\frac{(m-2)x^2-(m-4)x}{2}$ with $x\in\mathbb{Z}$. Given positive integers $a,b,c,k$ and an odd prime number $p$ with $p\nmid c$, we employ the theory of ternary…
This paper presents a novel approach to automatically solving arithmetic word problems. This is the first algorithmic approach that can handle arithmetic problems with multiple steps and operations, without depending on additional…
We introduce generalized quantum Markov states and generalized d-Markov chains which extend the notion quantum Markov chains on spin systems to that on $C^*$-algebras defined by general graphs. As examples of generalized d-Markov chains, we…
We establish a universal approach to solution of the word problem in the varieties of di- and tri-algebras. This approach, for example, allows to apply Groebner---Shirshov bases method for Lie algebras to solve the ideal membership problem…
We consider the Markoff-Rosenberger equation $$ax^2+by^2+cz^2=dxyz$$ with $(x,y,z)=(U_i,U_j,U_k),$ where $U_i$ denotes the $i$-th generalized Lucas number of first/second kind. We provide upper bound for the minimum of the indices and we…
Given a possibly discontinuous, bounded function $f:\mathbb{R}\mapsto\mathbb{R}$, we consider the set of generalized flows, obtained by assigning a probability measure on the set of Carath\'eodory solutions to the ODE ~$\dot x = f(x)$. The…