Related papers: MedGuideX: Internalizing Decision Logic from Execu…

Clinical decision-making requires reasoning over incomplete, imprecise, and linguistically expressed patient narratives. While large language models (LLMs) excel at extracting latent information from natural language, they lack the…

Large language models (LLMs) excel on many NLP benchmarks, but their behavior on real-world, semi-structured prediction remains underexplored. We present LlaMADRS, a benchmark for structured clinical assessment from dialogue built on the…

Language models often achieve higher accuracy when reasoning step-by-step in complex tasks. However, even when arriving at a correct final answer, their rationales are often logically unsound or inconsistent. This is a major issue when…

ICD coding is the process of mapping unstructured text from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) to standardised codes defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) system. In order to promote trust and transparency, existing…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in medical image analysis. However, their application in gastrointestinal endoscopy is currently hindered by two critical limitations: the misalignment between…

\textbf{Background:} Regulatory frameworks for AI in healthcare, including the EU AI Act and FDA guidance on AI/ML-based medical devices, require clinical decision support to demonstrate not only accuracy but auditability. Existing formal…

Real-world health questions from patients often unintentionally embed false assumptions or premises. In such cases, safe medical communication typically involves redirection: addressing the implicit misconception and then responding to the…

Europe's healthcare systems require enhanced interoperability and digitalization, driving a demand for innovative solutions to process legacy clinical data. This paper presents the results of our project, which aims to leverage Large…

Recent explainability related studies have shown that state-of-the-art DNNs do not always adopt correct evidences to make decisions. It not only hampers their generalization but also makes them less likely to be trusted by end-users. In…

Current biomedical question answering (QA) systems often assume that medical knowledge applies uniformly, yet real-world clinical reasoning is inherently conditional: nearly every decision depends on patient-specific factors such as…

Existing benchmarks for evaluating the clinical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) often lack a clear definition of "clinical reasoning" as a construct, fail to capture the full breadth of interdependent tasks within a…

Inference time optimization techniques, such as repeated sampling, have significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the critical role of model uncertainty remains largely underexplored in…

Clinical diagnosis begins with doctor-patient interaction, during which physicians iteratively gather information, determine examination and refine differential diagnosis through patients' response. This dynamic clinical-reasoning process…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance on static medical Question Answering (QA) tasks, yet their reasoning often deteriorates in multi-turn clinical dialogues where patient information is scattered across turns. This…

In this study, we present a novel clinical decision support system and discuss its interpretability-related properties. It combines a decision set of rules with a machine learning scheme to offer global and local interpretability. More…

Despite the wide adoption of Large Language Models (LLM)s, clinical decision support systems face a critical challenge: achieving high predictive accuracy while generating explanations aligned with the predictions. Current approaches suffer…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have enabled interpretable medical diagnosis by integrating visual perception with linguistic reasoning. Yet, existing medical chain-of-thought (CoT) models lack explicit mechanisms to represent and enforce…

The potential of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in domain of medical imaging raise the demands of systematic and rigorous evaluation frameworks that are aligned with the real-world medical imaging practice. Existing practices that…

Clinical decision-making is inherently complex and fast-paced, particularly in emergency departments (EDs) where critical, rapid and high-stakes decisions are made. Clinical Decision Rules (CDRs) are standardized evidence-based tools that…

Medication recommendation aims to integrate patients' long-term health records to provide accurate and safe medication combinations for specific health states. Existing methods often fail to deeply explore the true causal relationships…