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Recent advancements on Large Language Models (LLMs) enable AI Agents to automatically generate and execute multi-step plans to solve complex tasks. However, since LLM's content generation process is hardly controllable, current LLM-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zelong Li , Wenyue Hua , Hao Wang , He Zhu , Yongfeng Zhang

Formal verification techniques aim at formally proving the correctness of a computer program with respect to a formal specification, but the expertise and effort required for applying formal specification and verification techniques and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-10 João Pascoal Faria , Rui Abreu

As LLM-based agents increasingly operate in high-stakes domains with real-world consequences, ensuring their behavioral safety becomes paramount. The dominant oversight paradigm, LLM-as-a-Judge, faces a fundamental dilemma: how can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Jiayi Zhou , Yang Sheng , Hantao Lou , Yaodong Yang , Jie Fu

Large language models (LLMs) can often generate functionally correct code, but their ability to produce efficient implementations for performance-critical systems tasks remains limited. Existing code benchmarks mainly emphasize correctness…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Huihao Jing , Wenbin Hu , Haochen Shi , Hanyu Yang , Sirui Zhang , Shaojin Chen , Haoran Li , Yangqiu Song

We introduce Meta MLGym and MLGym-Bench, a new framework and benchmark for evaluating and developing LLM agents on AI research tasks. This is the first Gym environment for machine learning (ML) tasks, enabling research on reinforcement…

Verification presents a major bottleneck in Integrated Circuit (IC) development, consuming nearly 70% of the total development effort. While the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) is widely used in industry to improve verification…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Junhao Ye , Yuchen Hu , Ke Xu , Dingrong Pan , Qichun Chen , Jie Zhou , Shuai Zhao , Xinwei Fang , Xi Wang , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang

Standard benchmarks fixate on how well large language model (LLM) agents perform in finance, yet say little about whether they are safe to deploy. We argue that accuracy metrics and return-based scores provide an illusion of reliability,…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-06-03 Zichen Chen , Jiaao Chen , Jianda Chen , Misha Sra

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has catalyzed a paradigm shift in programming, giving rise to "vibe coding", where users can build complete projects and even control computers using natural language instructions. This paradigm…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Fanheng Kong , Jingyuan Zhang , Yang Yue , Chenxi Sun , Yang Tian , Shi Feng , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Yu Tian , Jun Du , Wenchong Zeng , Han Li , Kun Gai

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to automate programming tasks. Yet, LLMs' capabilities in reasoning about program semantics are still inadequately studied, leaving significant potential for further exploration. This…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Thanh Le-Cong , Bach Le , Toby Murray

The increasing popularity of large language models (LLMs) has paved the way for their application in diverse domains. This paper proposes a benchmarking framework tailored specifically for evaluating LLM performance in the context of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Mingjie Liu , Nathaniel Pinckney , Brucek Khailany , Haoxing Ren

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into tool-using agents, they remain brittle in long-horizon interactions. Unlike mathematical reasoning where errors are often rectifiable via backtracking, tool-use failures frequently induce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Shengda Fan , Xuyan Ye , Yupeng Huo , Zhi-Yuan Chen , Yiju Guo , Shenzhi Yang , Wenkai Yang , Shuqi Ye , Jingwen Chen , Haotian Chen , Xin Cong , Yankai Lin

This paper presents a focused literature survey on the use of large language models (LLM) to assist in writing formal specifications for software. A summary of thirty-five key papers is presented, including examples for specifying programs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Arshad Beg , Diarmuid O'Donoghue , Rosemary Monahan

Scaling automated formal verification to real-world projects requires resolving cross-module dependencies and global contexts, which are challenges overlooked by existing function-centric methods. We introduce RagVerus, a framework that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Sicheng Zhong , Jiading Zhu , Yifang Tian , Xujie Si

Despite the syntactic fluency of Large Language Models (LLMs), ensuring their logical correctness in high-stakes domains remains a fundamental challenge. We present a neurosymbolic framework that combines LLMs with SMT solvers to produce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Vikash Singh , Darion Cassel , Nathaniel Weir , Nick Feng , Sam Bayless

Instructed code editing, where LLMs directly modify a developer's existing code based on a user instruction, is becoming a widely used interaction mode in AI coding assistants. However, few benchmarks directly evaluate this capability and…

Recent advances have shown the effectiveness of self-evolving LLM agents on tasks such as program repair and scientific discovery. In this paradigm, a planner LLM synthesizes an agent program that invokes parametric models, including LLMs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Debangshu Banerjee , Changming Xu , Eugene Ie , Ming Zhang , Daiyi Peng , Chu-Cheng Lin , Gagandeep Singh

Existing informal language-based (e.g., human language) Large Language Models (LLMs) trained with Reinforcement Learning (RL) face a significant challenge: their verification processes, which provide crucial training signals, are neither…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Chuanhao Yan , Fengdi Che , Xuhan Huang , Xu Xu , Xin Li , Yizhi Li , Xingwei Qu , Jingzhe Shi , Chenghua Lin , Yaodong Yang , Binhang Yuan , Hang Zhao , Yu Qiao , Bowen Zhou , Jie Fu

We present Prover Agent, a novel AI agent for automated theorem proving that integrates large language models (LLMs) with a formal proof assistant, Lean. Prover Agent coordinates an informal reasoning LLM, a formal prover model, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Kaito Baba , Chaoran Liu , Shuhei Kurita , Akiyoshi Sannai

While Large Language Model (LLM) agents have achieved remarkable progress in complex reasoning tasks, evaluating their performance in real-world environments has become a critical problem. Current benchmarks, however, are largely restricted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Lingxiang Hu , Yiding Sun , Tianle Xia , Wenwei Li , Ming Xu , Liqun Liu , Peng Shu , Huan Yu , Jie Jiang

Recent advances in AI-assisted programming have empowered agents to execute complex workflows via command-line interfaces, however, existing benchmarks are limited by short task horizons, data contamination from GitHub scraping, and a lack…

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