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Related papers: SPEAR: Code-Augmented Agentic Prompt Optimization

200 papers

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have enabled agentic search systems that interleave multi-step reasoning with external tool use. However, existing frameworks largely rely on unstructured…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Shuting Wang , Qiaolin Xia , Vich Wang , Herberttli , Bobsimons , Zhicheng Dou

Aligning text-to-image generation with user intent remains challenging, as users frequently provide ambiguous inputs and struggle with model idiosyncrasies. We propose Adaptive Prompt Elicitation (APE), a technique that adaptively poses…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xinyi Wen , Lena Hegemann , Xiaofu Jin , Shuai Ma , Antti Oulasvirta

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is highly sensitive to the prompts they are given. Drawing inspiration from the field of prompt optimization, this study investigates the potential for enhancing Automated Essay Scoring (AES)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Keno Harada , Lui Yoshida , Takeshi Kojima , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

Prompt engineering plays a critical role in adapting large language models (LLMs) to complex reasoning and labeling tasks without the need for extensive fine-tuning. In this paper, we propose a novel prompt optimization pipeline for frame…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Do Minh Duc , Quan Xuan Truong , Nguyen Tat Dat , Nguyen Van Vinh

Custom policy-learning pipelines in Spark fail for two coupled systems reasons: rowwise Python execution makes inference impractical, and driver-side candidate materialization makes split search fragile at feature scale. We present Spark…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zeyu Bai

AI coding agents have shown great progress on Python software engineering benchmarks like SWE-Bench, and for other languages like Java and C in benchmarks like Multi-SWE-Bench. However, C# -- a prominent enterprise language ranking #5 in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Sanket Mhatre , Yasharth Bajpai , Sumit Gulwani , Emerson Murphy-Hill , Gustavo Soares

Prompt engineering can significantly improve the performance of large language models (LLMs), with automated prompt optimization (APO) gaining significant attention due to the time-consuming and laborious nature of manual prompt design.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Wenxin Luo , Weirui Wang , Xiaopeng Li , Weibo Zhou , Pengyue Jia , Xiangyu Zhao

We present Step-wise Policy for Rare-tool Knowledge (SPaRK), a novel reinforcement learning framework that teaches large language models to explore diverse tool usage patterns beyond conventional high-temperature sampling. Building on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Gabriel Bo , Koa Chang , Justin Gu

Multi-agent systems must decide which agent is the most appropriate for a given task. We propose a novel architecture for recommending which LLM agent out of many should perform a task given a natural language prompt by extending the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Joshua Park , Yongfeng Zhang

The Agent Conversation Reasoning Engine (ACRE) is intended to aid agent developers to improve the management and reliability of agent communication. To evaluate its effectiveness, a problem scenario was created that could be used to compare…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2014-10-13 David Lillis , Rem W. Collier , Howell R. Jordan

Small language models are attractive for production deployment due to their low cost, fast inference, and ease of specialization. However, adapting them to a specific task remains a challenging engineering loop, driven not by training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Dhruv Atreja , Julia White , Nikhil Nayak , Kelton Zhang , Henrijs Princis , George Hurn-Maloney , Ash Lewis , Urchade Zaratiana

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has brought a new paradigm to automated essay scoring (AES), a long-standing and practical application of natural language processing in education. However, achieving human-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Jinhee Jang , Ayoung Moon , Minkyoung Jung , YoungBin Kim , Seung Jin Lee

Automated prompt optimization is crucial for eliciting reliable reasoning from large language models (LLMs), yet most API-only prompt optimizers iteratively edit monolithic prompts, coupling components and obscuring credit assignment,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Haoyue Liu , Zhichao Wang , Yongxin Guo , Haoran Shou , Xiaoying Tang

Numerical reasoning over text is a challenging task of Artificial Intelligence (AI), requiring reading comprehension and numerical reasoning abilities. Previous approaches use numerical reasoning programs to represent the reasoning process.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Jiaxin Zhang , Yashar Moshfeghi

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) demonstrate strong performance on complex tasks but often suffer from excessive verbosity, known as "overthinking." Existing solutions via reinforcement learning (RL) typically penalize generated tokens to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Canhui Wu , Qiong Cao , Chang Li , Zhenfang Wang , Chao Xue , Yuwei Fan , Wei Xi , Xiaodong He

Harnesses are now central to coding-agent performance, mediating how models interact with tools and execution environments. Yet harness engineering remains a manual craft, because automating it faces a heterogeneous action space across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jiahang Lin , Shichun Liu , Chengjun Pan , Lizhi Lin , Shihan Dou , Zhiheng Xi , Xuanjing Huang , Hang Yan , Zhenhua Han , Tao Gui , Yu-Gang Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing by solving a wide range of tasks simply guided by a prompt. Yet their performance is highly sensitive to prompt formulation. While automatic prompt optimization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Tom Zehle , Moritz Schlager , Timo Heiß , Matthias Feurer

Repository-level fault localization (FL) and automated program repair (APR) require an agent to identify the relevant code units across files, follow call and data dependencies, and generate a valid patch. Existing graph-based systems…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Shahd Seddik , Fatemeh Fard

Due to their architecture and vast pre-training data, large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong text classification performance. However, LLM output - here, the category assigned to a text - depends heavily on the wording of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Kylie L. Anglin , Stephanie Milan , Brittney Hernandez , Claudia Ventura

Software development teams establish elaborate continuous integration pipelines containing automated test cases to accelerate the development process of software. Automated tests help to verify the correctness of code modifications…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Chidera Biringa , Gokhan Kul