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Foundation models have achieved remarkable success across diverse machine-learning domains through large-scale pretraining on large, diverse datasets. However, pretraining on such datasets introduces significant challenges due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Peiliang Gong , Emadeldeen Eldele , Min Wu , Zhenghua Chen , Xiaoli Li , Daoqiang Zhang

Recent progress in foundation models has enabled strong zero-shot performance for time series forecasting. In this work, we show that such capabilities can also emerge from tabular foundation models. We introduce TabPFN-TS, a simple method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Shi Bin Hoo , Samuel Müller , David Salinas , Frank Hutter

Existing data-driven approaches in modeling and predicting time series data include ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average), Transformer-based models, LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) and TCN (Temporal Convolutional Network). These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Saroj Gopali , Bipin Chhetri , Deepika Giri , Sima Siami-Namini , Akbar Siami Namin

Structural Causal Models (SCMs) offer a principled framework to reason about interventions and support out-of-distribution generalization, which are key goals in scientific discovery. However, the task of learning SCMs from observed data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Divyat Mahajan , Jannes Gladrow , Agrin Hilmkil , Cheng Zhang , Meyer Scetbon

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in performing various tasks and thus are applied by recent studies to time series forecasting (TSF) tasks, which predict future values with the given historical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Chen Su , Yuanhe Tian , Qinyu Liu , Jun Zhang , Yan Song

Foundation models (FMs) are a popular topic of research in AI. Their ability to generalize to new tasks and datasets without retraining or needing an abundance of data makes them an appealing candidate for applications on specialist…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Marga Don , Stijn Pinson , Blanca Guillen Cebrian , Yuki M. Asano

Multivariate time-series forecasting is vital in various domains, e.g., economic planning and weather prediction. Deep train-from-scratch models have exhibited effective performance yet require large amounts of data, which limits real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Ching Chang , Wei-Yao Wang , Wen-Chih Peng , Tien-Fu Chen

Leaderboards for LRMs have turned evaluation into a competition, incentivizing developers to optimize directly on benchmark suites. A shortcut to achieving higher rankings is to incorporate evaluation benchmarks into the training data,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Han Wang , Haoyu Li , Brian Ko , Huan Zhang

Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) have achieved remarkable success through large-scale pretraining. However, their design primarily targets real-valued series, limiting their ability to handle general forecasting tasks involving diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Lu Han , Yu Liu , Lan Li , Qiwen Deng , Jian Jiang , Yinbo Sun , Zhe Yu , Binfeng Wang , Xingyu Lu , Lintao Ma , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan

Recent studies apply psychometric questionnaires to Large Language Models (LLMs) to assess high-level psychological constructs such as values, personality, moral foundations, and dark traits. Although prior work has raised concerns about…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jongwook Han , Woojung Song , Jonggeun Lee , Yohan Jo

The recent boom of large pre-trained models witnesses remarkable success in developing foundation models (FMs) for time series forecasting. Despite impressive performance across diverse downstream forecasting tasks, existing time series FMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Hui He , Kun Yi , Yuanchi Ma , Qi Zhang , Zhendong Niu , Guansong Pang

Large pre-trained models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across domains, but their effectiveness in time series forecasting remains understudied. This work empirically examines whether pre-trained large-scale time series models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Sanjay Chakraborty , Ibrahim Delibasoglu , Fredrik Heintz

Time Series Forecasting (TSF) is used to predict the target variables at a future time point based on the learning from previous time points. To keep the problem tractable, learning methods use data from a fixed length window in the past as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Jimeng Shi , Mahek Jain , Giri Narasimhan

Time-Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) excel at zero-shot unimodal forecasting using numerical data, but unlike LLMs they cannot consume multimodal, non-numerical context that often shape real-world trajectories. In this work, we bridge this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haoxin Liu , Yichen Zhou , Rajat Sen , B. Aditya Prakash , Abhimanyu Das

Large language models are being widely used across industries to generate content that contributes directly to key performance metrics, such as conversion rates. Pretrained models, however, often fall short when it comes to aligning with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Erfan Loghmani

Contamination of water resources with pathogenic microorganisms excreted in human feces is a worldwide public health concern. Surveillance of fecal contamination is commonly performed by routine monitoring for a single type or a few types…

Applications · Statistics 2021-10-13 HongYuan Cao , Tsuyoshi Kato

Mainstream unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms often excel in academic datasets, yet their real-world performance is restricted due to the controlled experimental conditions involving clean training data. Addressing the challenge of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Thi Kieu Khanh Ho , Narges Armanfard

In recent years, code intelligence has gained increasing importance in the field of automated software engineering. Meanwhile, the widespread adoption of Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised concerns…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Zhen Yang , Hongyi Lin , Yifan He , Junqi Wang , Zeyu Sun , Shuo Liu , Jie Xu , Pengpeng Wang , Zhongxing Yu , Qingyuan Liang

Prior-data fitted networks (PFNs) have emerged as powerful foundation models for tabular causal inference, yet their extension to time series remains limited by the absence of synthetic data generators that provide interventional targets.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Dennis Thumm , Ying Chen

Large language models (LLMs) rely on pretraining on massive and heterogeneous corpora, where training data composition has a decisive impact on training efficiency and downstream generalization under realistic compute and data budget…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhuo Chen , Yuxuan Miao , Supryadi , Deyi Xiong