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Image collections, if critical aspects of image content are exposed, can spur research and practical applications in many domains. Supervised machine learning may be the only feasible way to annotate very large collections, but leading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Sara Mousavi , Ramin Nabati , Megan Kleeschulte , Audris Mockus

Image annotation aims to annotate a given image with a variable number of class labels corresponding to diverse visual concepts. In this paper, we address two main issues in large-scale image annotation: 1) how to learn a rich feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-22 Yulei Niu , Zhiwu Lu , Ji-Rong Wen , Tao Xiang , Shih-Fu Chang

Recent research in the field of computer vision strongly focuses on deep learning architectures to tackle image processing problems. Deep neural networks are often considered in complex image processing scenarios since traditional computer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Marcel P. Schilling , Luca Rettenberger , Friedrich Münke , Haijun Cui , Anna A. Popova , Pavel A. Levkin , Ralf Mikut , Markus Reischl

As Large Language Model (LLM) alignment evolves from simple completions to complex, highly sophisticated generation, Reward Models are increasingly shifting toward rubric-guided evaluation to mitigate surface-level biases. However, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Qiyuan Zhang , Junyi Zhou , Yufei Wang , Fuyuan Lyu , Yidong Ming , Can Xu , Qingfeng Sun , Kai Zheng , Peng Kang , Xue Liu , Chen Ma

Supervised learning relies on high-quality labeled data, but obtaining such data through human annotation is both expensive and time-consuming. Recent work explores using large language models (LLMs) for annotation, but LLM-generated labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Lequan Lin , Dai Shi , Andi Han , Feng Chen , Qiuzheng Chen , Jiawen Li , Zhaoyang Li , Jiyuan Li , Zhenbang Sun , Junbin Gao

Error Span Detection (ESD) is a crucial subtask in Machine Translation (MT) evaluation, aiming to identify the location and severity of translation errors. While fine-tuning models on human-annotated data improves ESD performance, acquiring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Boxuan Lyu , Haiyue Song , Zhi Qu

With the surging inclination towards carrying out tasks on computational devices and digital mediums, any method that converts a task that was previously carried out manually, to a digitized version, is always welcome. Irrespective of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Pranav Guruprasad , Sujith Kumar S , Vigneswaran C , V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy

Given a (machine learning) classifier and a collection of unlabeled data, how can we efficiently identify misclassification patterns presented in this dataset? To address this problem, we propose a human-machine collaborative framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Bao Nguyen , Viet Anh Nguyen

Creating datasets manually by human annotators is a laborious task that can lead to biased and inhomogeneous labels. We propose a flexible, semi-automatic framework for labeling data for relation extraction. Furthermore, we provide a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Jeremias Bohn , Jannik Fischbach , Martin Schmitt , Hinrich Schütze , Andreas Vogelsang

Manually labeling datasets with object masks is extremely time consuming. In this work, we follow the idea of Polygon-RNN to produce polygonal annotations of objects interactively using humans-in-the-loop. We introduce several important…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-28 David Acuna , Huan Ling , Amlan Kar , Sanja Fidler

Explanation methods in Interpretable NLP often explain the model's decision by extracting evidence (rationale) from the input texts supporting the decision. Benchmark datasets for rationales have been released to evaluate how good the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

Human annotation remains the foundation of reliable and interpretable data in Natural Language Processing (NLP). As annotation and evaluation tasks continue to expand, from categorical labelling to segmentation, subjective judgment, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Joseph James

Deep neural models for relation extraction tend to be less reliable when perfectly labeled data is limited, despite their success in label-sufficient scenarios. Instead of seeking more instance-level labels from human annotators, here we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Wenxuan Zhou , Hongtao Lin , Bill Yuchen Lin , Ziqi Wang , Junyi Du , Leonardo Neves , Xiang Ren

Post-training (via supervised fine-tuning) improves instruction-following, but often induces semantic mode collapse by biasing models toward low-entropy fine-tuning data at the expense of the high-entropy pretraining distribution.…

The extraction of multi-attribute objects from the deep web is the bridge between the unstructured web and structured data. Existing approaches either induce wrappers from a set of human-annotated pages or leverage repeated structures on…

Databases · Computer Science 2012-10-23 Tim Furche , Georg Gottlob , Giovanni Grasso , Giorgio Orsi , Christian Schallhart , Cheng Wang

Longitudinal information in radiology reports refers to the sequential tracking of findings across multiple examinations over time, which is crucial for monitoring disease progression and guiding clinical decisions. Many recent automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Xinyi Wang , Grazziela Figueredo , Ruizhe Li , Xin Chen

Data annotation remains a significant bottleneck in the Humanities and Social Sciences, particularly for complex semantic tasks such as metaphor identification. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise, a significant gap remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Bingru Li

Human-performed annotation of sentences in legal documents is an important prerequisite to many machine learning based systems supporting legal tasks. Typically, the annotation is done sequentially, sentence by sentence, which is often time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Hannes Westermann , Jaromir Savelka , Vern R. Walker , Kevin D. Ashley , Karim Benyekhlef

Deep-learning-based pipelines have shown the potential to revolutionalize microscopy image diagnostics by providing visual augmentations to a trained pathology expert. However, to match human performance, the methods rely on the…

The original ImageNet benchmark enforces a single-label assumption, despite many images depicting multiple objects. This leads to label noise and limits the richness of the learning signal. Multi-label annotations more accurately reflect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Junyu Chen , Md Yousuf Harun , Christopher Kanan