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Observations of gravitational waves (GWs) generated by binary black hole (BBH) mergers provide us with a powerful way to explore the strong and highly dynamical regime of gravity theories. The ringdown of BBH merger, consisting of a series…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-24 Zexin Hu , Daniela D. Doneva , Stoytcho S. Yazadjiev , Lijing Shao

Optimal extraction of information from gravitational-wave observations of binary black-hole coalescences requires detailed knowledge of the waveforms. Current approaches for representing waveform information are based on spin-weighted…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-12 Bernard J. Kelly , John G. Baker

We present the first effective-one-body (EOB) model for generic-spins quasi-circular black-hole--neutron-star (BHNS) inspiral-merger-ringdown gravitational waveforms (GWs). Our model is based on a new numerical-relativity (NR) informed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-26 Alejandra Gonzalez , Rossella Gamba , Matteo Breschi , Francesco Zappa , Gregorio Carullo , Sebastiano Bernuzzi , Alessandro Nagar

In recent work, we examined how different modes in the ringdown phase of a binary coalescence are excited as a function of the final plunge geometry. At least in the large mass ratio limit, we found a clean mapping between angles describing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-29 Halston Lim , Gaurav Khanna , Scott A. Hughes

Black-hole spectroscopy aims to infer the fundamental properties of black holes by analysing the spectrum of gravitational waves emitted as they settle into equilibrium. These resonances, known as quasinormal modes (QNMs), decay rapidly,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-22 Pietro Smaniotto , Leonardo Solidoro , Patrik Švančara , Sam Patrick , Maurício Richartz , Carlo F. Barenghi , Ruth Gregory , Silke Weinfurtner

We find a significant destructive interference among Kerr overtones in the early ringdown induced by an extreme mass-ratio merger of a massive black hole and a compact object, and that the ringdown spectrum apparently follows the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-12 Naritaka Oshita

The merger of binary black holes produces a series of decaying oscillations, during which energy is radiated in gravitational waves. The characteristic signal in the ringdown phase can be described by complex oscillation frequencies called…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-10 Yanqiang Liu , Benrong Mu , Jun Tao , Yuling Weng

The laser-interferometer space antenna (LISA) will be launched in the mid 2030s. It promises to observe the coalescence of massive black-hole (BH) binaries with signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) reaching thousands. Crucially, it will detect…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-20 Alexandre Toubiana , Lorenzo Pompili , Alessandra Buonanno , Jonathan R. Gair , Michael L. Katz

Tests of the no-hair theorem using astrophysical black holes involve the detection of at least two quasi-normal modes (QNMs) in the gravitational wave emitted by a perturbed black hole. A detection of two modes -- the dominant, $(\ell, m,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-10 Alex Correia , Yi-Fan Wang , Julian Westerweck , Collin D. Capano

We analyze the ringdown phase of the first detected black-hole merger, GW150914, using a simulation-based inference pipeline based on masked autoregressive flows. We obtain approximate marginal posterior distributions for the ringdown…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-17 Marco Crisostomi , Kallol Dey , Enrico Barausse , Roberto Trotta

The detection of quadratic quasi-normal modes would provide a direct probe into black hole nonlinear perturbations. We report the first observational evidence of a set of quadratic quasi-normal modes in the gravitational-wave ringdown of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-12 Yi-Fan Wang , Sizheng Ma , Neev Khera , Huan Yang

Gravitational waves provide direct information about the nature of spacetime and the existence of black holes. The remnant of a binary black hole merger emits gravitational waves in the form of quasinormal modes, whose spectrum is known as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-18 Iara Ota

We conduct a descriptive analysis of the multipolar structure of gravitational-radiation waveforms from equal-mass aligned-spin mergers, following an approach first presented in the complementary context of nonspinning black holes of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-29 Bernard J. Kelly , John G. Baker , William D. Boggs , Sean T. McWilliams , Joan Centrella

We present a new frequency-domain phenomenological model of the gravitational-wave signal from the inspiral, merger and ringdown of non-precessing (aligned-spin) black-hole binaries. The model is calibrated to 19 hybrid…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-10 Sebastian Khan , Sascha Husa , Mark Hannam , Frank Ohme , Michael Pürrer , Xisco Jiménez Forteza , Alejandro Bohé

How long after the merger of two black holes can one rely on linear perturbation theory, and how many quasinormal modes are in the ringdown? Such questions suggest that black hole spectroscopy suffers from systematic uncertainties that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-30 Sebastian H. Völkel , Arnab Dhani

Recent measurements of gravitational-wave ringdown following the merger of binary black holes raise the prospect of precision black hole spectroscopy in the near future. To perform the most sensitive tests of the nature of black holes using…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-23 Asad Hussain , Aaron Zimmerman

Detecting gravitational waves from coalescing compact binaries allows us to explore the dynamical, nonlinear regime of general relativity and constrain modifications to it. Some of the gravitational-wave events observed by the LIGO-Virgo…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-23 Hector O. Silva , Abhirup Ghosh , Alessandra Buonanno

We numerically solve the Teukolsky equation in the time domain to obtain the gravitational-wave emission of a small mass inspiraling and plunging into the equatorial plane of a Kerr black hole. We account for the dissipation of orbital…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-10-22 Andrea Taracchini , Alessandra Buonanno , Gaurav Khanna , Scott A. Hughes

Dense environments hosting compact binary mergers can leave an imprint on the gravitational-wave emission which, in turn, can be used to identify the characteristics of the environment. To demonstrate such scenario, we consider a simple…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-19 Samson H. W. Leong , Juan Calderón Bustillo , Miguel Gracia-Linares , Pablo Laguna

We study finite-window black-hole spectroscopy in the loud-event regime and ask when a multimode ringdown fit supports a stable common-remnant Kerr interpretation. Starting from whitened, tapered detector-frame data, we prove a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-21 Ruiliang Li