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Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is a fundamental technique in recommendation and advertising systems. Recent studies have proved that learning a unified model to serve multiple domains is effective to improve the overall performance.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Xuanhua Yang , Xiaoyu Peng , Penghui Wei , Shaoguo Liu , Liang Wang , Bo Zheng

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is widely used in academia and industry. Most CTR tasks fall into a feature embedding \& feature interaction paradigm, where the accuracy of CTR prediction is mainly improved by designing practical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Fangye Wang , Hansu Gu , Dongsheng Li , Tun Lu , Peng Zhang , Li Shang , Ning Gu

With the widespread application of personalized online services, click-through rate (CTR) prediction has received more and more attention and research. The most prominent features of CTR prediction are its multi-field categorical data…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Jianghao Lin , Yanru Qu , Wei Guo , Xinyi Dai , Ruiming Tang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Feature selection has been an essential step in developing industry-scale deep Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction systems. The goal of neural feature selection (NFS) is to choose a relatively small subset of features with the best…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Lin Guan , Xia Xiao , Ming Chen , Youlong Cheng

Reinforcement learning (RL) finetuning is crucial to aligning large language models (LLMs), but the process is notoriously unstable and exhibits high variance across model checkpoints. In practice, selecting the best checkpoint is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Manh Nguyen , Dung Nguyen , Dai Do , Svetha Venkatesh , Hung Le

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction, crucial in applications like recommender systems and online advertising, involves ranking items based on the likelihood of user clicks. User behavior sequence modeling has marked progress in CTR…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Hengyu Zhang , Chang Meng , Wei Guo , Huifeng Guo , Jieming Zhu , Guangpeng Zhao , Ruiming Tang , Xiu Li

LLM cascades and model routing promise lower inference cost by sending easy queries to a small model and escalating hard ones to a large model, but most deployed routers use uncalibrated confidence scores and require per-workload threshold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Varun Kotte

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is a pivotal task in product and content recommendation, where learning effective feature embeddings is of great significance. However, traditional methods typically learn fixed feature representations…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Chen Zhu , Liang Du , Hong Chen , Shuang Zhao , Zixun Sun , Xin Wang , Wenwu Zhu

Advertising click-through rate (CTR) prediction aims to forecast the probability that a user will click on an advertisement in a given context, thus providing enterprises with decision support for product ranking and ad placement. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Xiaowei Xi , Song Leng , Yuqing Gong , Dalin Li

CTR prediction is essential for modern recommender systems. Ranging from early factorization machines to deep learning based models in recent years, existing CTR methods focus on capturing useful feature interactions or mining important…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Wei Guo , Can Zhang , Zhicheng He , Jiarui Qin , Huifeng Guo , Bo Chen , Ruiming Tang , Xiuqiang He , Rui Zhang

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction becomes indispensable in ubiquitous web recommendation applications. Nevertheless, the current methods are struggling under the cold-start scenarios where the user interactions are extremely sparse. We…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Yujie Pan , Jiangchao Yao , Bo Han , Kunyang Jia , Ya Zhang , Hongxia Yang

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction, which aims to predict the probability of a user clicking on an ad or an item, is critical to many online applications such as online advertising and recommender systems. The problem is very challenging…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Weiping Song , Chence Shi , Zhiping Xiao , Zhijian Duan , Yewen Xu , Ming Zhang , Jian Tang

Unified models can handle both multimodal understanding and generation within a single architecture, yet they typically operate in a single pass without iteratively refining their outputs. Many multimodal tasks, especially those involving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Leon Liangyu Chen , Haoyu Ma , Zhipeng Fan , Ziqi Huang , Animesh Sinha , Xiaoliang Dai , Jialiang Wang , Zecheng He , Jianwei Yang , Chunyuan Li , Junzhe Sun , Chu Wang , Serena Yeung-Levy , Felix Juefei-Xu

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is one of the core tasks in recommender systems. User behavior sequences, as one of the most effective features, can accurately reflect user preferences and significantly improve prediction accuracy.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xiaolong Chen , Haoyi Zhao , Xu Huang , Defu Lian

The connectionist temporal classification (CTC) enables end-to-end sequence learning by maximizing the probability of correctly recognizing sequences during training. The outputs of a CTC-trained model tend to form a series of spikes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Hongzhu Li , Weiqiang Wang

Modern online advertising systems inevitably rely on personalization methods, such as click-through rate (CTR) prediction. Recent progress in CTR prediction enjoys the rich representation capabilities of deep learning and achieves great…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Chao Du , Zhifeng Gao , Shuo Yuan , Lining Gao , Ziyan Li , Yifan Zeng , Xiaoqiang Zhu , Jian Xu , Kun Gai , Kuang-chih Lee

Click-through rate (CTR) Prediction is a crucial task in personalized information retrievals, such as industrial recommender systems, online advertising, and web search. Most existing CTR Prediction models utilize explicit feature…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Honghao Li , Lei Sang , Yi Zhang , Xuyun Zhang , Yiwen Zhang

In modern social media, recommender systems (RecSys) rely on the click-through rate (CTR) as the standard metric to evaluate user engagement. CTR prediction is traditionally framed as a binary classification task to predict whether a user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Zhongyu Ouyang , Chunhui Zhang , Yaning Jia , Soroush Vosoughi

Modeling long-term user interests with massive historical user behaviors enhances click-through rate (CTR) prediction performance in advertising and recommendation systems. Typically, a two-stage framework is widely adopted, where a general…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jiangli Shao , Kaifu Zheng , Hao Fang , Huimu Ye , Zhiwei Liu , Bo Zhang , Shu Han , Xingxing Wang

Improving the performance of click-through rate (CTR) prediction remains one of the core tasks in online advertising systems. With the rise of deep learning, CTR prediction models with deep networks remarkably enhance model capacities. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Yikai Wang , Liang Zhang , Quanyu Dai , Fuchun Sun , Bo Zhang , Yang He , Weipeng Yan , Yongjun Bao