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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities across numerous disciplines, primarily assessed through tasks in language generation, knowledge utilization, and complex reasoning. However, their alignment with human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Xuena Wang , Xueting Li , Zi Yin , Yue Wu , Liu Jia

With the integration of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) into robotic systems and AI applications, embedding emotional intelligence (EI) capabilities is essential for enabling these models to perceive, interpret, and respond to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 He Hu , Lianzhong You , Hongbo Xu , Qianning Wang , Fei Richard Yu , Fei Ma , Zebang Cheng , Zheng Lian , Yucheng Zhou , Laizhong Cui

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have highlighted the need for robust, comprehensive, and challenging benchmarks. Yet, research on evaluating their Emotional Intelligence (EI) is considerably limited. Existing benchmarks have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Sahand Sabour , Siyang Liu , Zheyuan Zhang , June M. Liu , Jinfeng Zhou , Alvionna S. Sunaryo , Juanzi Li , Tatia M. C. Lee , Rada Mihalcea , Minlie Huang

Most existing emotion analysis emphasizes which emotion arises (e.g., happy, sad, angry) but neglects the deeper why. We propose Emotion Interpretation (EI), focusing on causal factors-whether explicit (e.g., observable objects,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Yuxiang Lin , Jingdong Sun , Zhi-Qi Cheng , Jue Wang , Haomin Liang , Zebang Cheng , Yifei Dong , Jun-Yan He , Xiaojiang Peng , Xian-Sheng Hua

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in Emotional Intelligence (EI) and long-context modeling. However, existing benchmarks often overlook the fact that emotional information processing unfolds as a continuous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Weichu Liu , Jing Xiong , Yuxuan Hu , Zixuan Li , Minghuan Tan , Ningning Mao , Hui Shen , Wendong Xu , Chaofan Tao , Min Yang , Chengming Li , Lingpeng Kong , Ngai Wong

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have catalyzed transformative progress in affective computing, enabling models to exhibit emergent emotional intelligence. Despite substantial methodological progress, current…

Emotional intelligence in large language models (LLMs) is of great importance in Natural Language Processing. However, the previous research mainly focus on basic sentiment analysis tasks, such as emotion recognition, which is not enough to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Yuyan Chen , Hao Wang , Songzhou Yan , Sijia Liu , Yueze Li , Yi Zhao , Yanghua Xiao

The versatility of Large Language Models (LLMs) in natural language understanding has made them increasingly popular in mental health research. While many studies explore LLMs' capabilities in emotion recognition, a critical gap remains in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Bangzhao Shu , Isha Joshi , Melissa Karnaze , Anh C. Pham , Ishita Kakkar , Sindhu Kothe , Arpine Hovasapian , Mai ElSherief

Emotion recognition has the potential to play a pivotal role in enhancing human-computer interaction by enabling systems to accurately interpret and respond to human affect. Yet, capturing emotions in face-to-face contexts remains…

We introduce EQ-Bench, a novel benchmark designed to evaluate aspects of emotional intelligence in Large Language Models (LLMs). We assess the ability of LLMs to understand complex emotions and social interactions by asking them to predict…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Samuel J. Paech

Emotional intelligence (EI), the ability to perceive, understand, and respond appropriately to others' emotional states, is central to human communication, and increasingly important to assess as LLMs assume conversational roles in everyday…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Kate M. Lubrano , Faisal Sayed , Ankita Rathod , Akshansh , Craver Corbyn Thomas-Smith , Mark E. Whiting , Karina Nguyen

Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a critical yet underexplored dimension in the development of human-aligned LLMs. To address this gap, we introduce a unified, psychologically grounded four-layer taxonomy of EI tailored for large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Nizi Nazar , Ehsaneddin Asgari

Empathetic response generation is increasingly significant in AI, necessitating nuanced emotional and cognitive understanding coupled with articulate response expression. Current large language models (LLMs) excel in response expression;…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Zhou Yang , Zhaochun Ren , Wang Yufeng , Shizhong Peng , Haizhou Sun , Xiaofei Zhu , Xiangwen Liao

Affective computing seeks to support the holistic development of artificial intelligence by enabling machines to engage with human emotion. Recent foundation models, particularly large language models (LLMs), have been trained and evaluated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Sree Bhattacharyya , Evgenii Kuriabov , Lucas Craig , Tharun Dilliraj , Reginald B. Adams, , Jia Li , James Z. Wang

Emotional Intelligence (EI), consisting of emotion perception, emotion cognition and emotion expression, plays the critical roles in improving user interaction experience for the current large language model (LLM) based conversational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Weixiang Zhao , Zhuojun Li , Shilong Wang , Yang Wang , Yulin Hu , Yanyan Zhao , Chen Wei , Bing Qin

As social robots and other intelligent machines enter the home, artificial emotional intelligence (AEI) is taking center stage to address users' desire for deeper, more meaningful human-machine interaction. To accomplish such efficacious…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Benjamin Wortman , James Z. Wang

The emotions we experience involve complex processes; besides physiological aspects, research in psychology has studied cognitive appraisals where people assess their situations subjectively, according to their own values (Scherer, 2005).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Hongli Zhan , Desmond C. Ong , Junyi Jessy Li

Emotional Support Conversation (ESC) is a typical dialogue that can effectively assist the user in mitigating emotional pressures. However, owing to the inherent subjectivity involved in analyzing emotions, current non-artificial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Huaiwen Zhang , Yu Chen , Ming Wang , Shi Feng

Large language models have become increasingly common, used by millions of people worldwide in both professional and personal contexts. As these models continue to advance, they are frequently serving as virtual assistants and companions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Victoria Williams , Benjamin Rosman

This paper presents a unified spoken language model for emotional intelligence, enhanced by a novel data construction strategy termed Injected Emotional-Attribution Thinking (IEAT). IEAT incorporates user emotional states and their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Qing Wang , Zehan Li , Yaodong Song , Hongjie Chen , Jian Kang , Jie Lian , Jie Li , Yongxiang Li , Xuelong Li
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