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Reasoning language models can solve increasingly complex tasks, but struggle to produce the calibrated confidence estimates necessary for reliable deployment. Existing calibration methods usually depend on labels or repeated sampling at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Thomas Zollo , Jimmy Wang , Richard Zemel

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in question answering and reasoning thanks to their extensive parametric memory. However, their knowledge is inherently limited by the scope of their pre-training data, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Atahan Özer , Çağatay Yıldız

To mitigate forgetting, existing lifelong event detection methods typically maintain a memory module and replay the stored memory data during the learning of a new task. However, the simple combination of memory data and new-task samples…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Chengwei Qin , Ruirui Chen , Ruochen Zhao , Wenhan Xia , Shafiq Joty

Encoder transformer models compress information from all tokens in a sequence into a single [CLS] token to represent global context. This approach risks diluting fine-grained or hierarchical features, leading to information loss in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Asif Shahriar , Rifat Shahriyar , M Saifur Rahman

The deployment of pre-trained perception models in novel environments often leads to performance degradation due to distributional shifts. Although recent artificial intelligence approaches for metacognition use logical rules to…

To cope with the large contexts that long-horizon LLM agents produce, modern frameworks increasingly rely on compaction -- invoking an LLM to rewrite the accumulated trajectory into a shorter summary that the agent resumes from. Today,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhuofu Chen , Rui Pan , Yinwei Dai , Ravi Netravali

Biological brains learn continually from a stream of unlabeled data, while integrating specialized information from sparsely labeled examples without compromising their ability to generalize. Meanwhile, machine learning methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Viet Anh Khoa Tran , Emre Neftci , Willem A. M. Wybo

Involving collaborative information in Large Language Models (LLMs) is a promising technique for adapting LLMs for recommendation. Existing methods achieve this by concatenating collaborative features with text tokens into a unified…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yuting Liu , Jinghao Zhang , Yizhou Dang , Yuliang Liang , Qiang Liu , Guibing Guo , Jianzhe Zhao , Xingwei Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) plays a central role in improving the reasoning and alignment of large language models, yet its efficiency critically depends on how training data are selected. Existing online selection strategies predominantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xinyu Zhou , Boyu Zhu , Haotian Zhang , Huiming Wang , Zhijiang Guo

Current LLM post-training methods optimize complete reasoning trajectories through Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) followed by outcome-based Reinforcement Learning (RL). While effective, a closer examination reveals a fundamental gap: this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Shaojie Wang , Liang Zhang

Recent work has demonstrated surprisingly good performance of pre-trained LLMs on regression tasks (for example, time-series prediction), with the ability to incorporate expert prior knowledge and the information contained in textual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Felix Biggs , Samuel Willis

Recently, transformers have shown strong ability as visual feature extractors, surpassing traditional convolution-based models in various scenarios. However, the success of vision transformers largely owes to their capacity to accommodate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Tianxiang Hao , Hui Chen , Yuchen Guo , Guiguang Ding

Recent progress in Language Models (LMs) has dramatically advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP), excelling at tasks like text generation, summarization, and question answering. However, their inference remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Adarsh Prasad Behera , Jaya Prakash Champati , Roberto Morabito , Sasu Tarkoma , James Gross

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in various perception and reasoning tasks. Despite this success, ensuring their reliability in practical deployment necessitates robust confidence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yunkai Dang , Yifan Jiang , Yizhu Jiang , Anqi Chen , Wenbin Li , Yang Gao

LLMs reliably correct false claims when presented in isolation, yet when the same claims are embedded in task-oriented requests, they often comply rather than correct. We term this failure mode \emph{correction suppression} and construct a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zixuan Chen , Hao Lin , Zizhe Chen , Yizhou Tian , Garry Yang , Depeng Wang , Ya Guo , Huijia Zhu , James Cheng

Multi-label classification (MLC) studies the problem where each instance is associated with multiple relevant labels, which leads to the exponential growth of output space. MLC encourages a popular framework named label compression (LC) for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Jiaqi Lv , Tianran Wu , Chenglun Peng , Yunpeng Liu , Ning Xu , Xin Geng

Fine-tuning pre-trained language models, particularly large language models, demands extensive computing resources and can result in varying performance outcomes across different domains and datasets. This paper examines the approach of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Guodong Du , Jing Li , Hanting Liu , Runhua Jiang , Shuyang Yu , Yifei Guo , Sim Kuan Goh , Ho-Kin Tang

Alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values and preferences, often achieved through fine-tuning based on human feedback, is essential for ensuring safe and responsible AI behaviors. However, the process typically requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Runjin Chen , Gabriel Jacob Perin , Xuxi Chen , Xilun Chen , Yan Han , Nina S. T. Hirata , Junyuan Hong , Bhavya Kailkhura

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit a gap between their internal knowledge and their explicit linguistic outputs. In this report, we empirically investigate whether Looped Transformers (LTs)--architectures that increase computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Guanxu Chen , Dongrui Liu , Jing Shao

We propose a novel approach for class incremental online learning in a limited data setting. This problem setting is challenging because of the following constraints: (1) Classes are given incrementally, which necessitates a class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Mohammed Asad Karim , Vinay Kumar Verma , Pravendra Singh , Vinay Namboodiri , Piyush Rai
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