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Tangent numbers $T_{2n-1}$, which enumerate alternating permutations of odd length, play a prominent role in the Taylor series expansion of the tangent function $\tan(x)$. In this work, we adopt a combinatorial approach based on the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Jean-Christophe Pain

Associated to each complex-valued random variable satisfying appropriate integrability conditions, we introduce a different generalization of the Stirling numbers of the second kind. Various equivalent definitions are provided. Attention,…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-10-20 José A. Adell

In this article we generalize the $q$-difference operator due to Carlitz in order to derive explicit sum formulae for several extensions of Stirling numbers of the second kind, including complete homogeneous symmetric functions,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-29 Josef Küstner

The Eulerian number A(n,k) counts permutations of n symbols with exactly k descents. Motivated by problems in cryptography, several authors have studied the proportion of permutations whose number of descents lies in a fixed congruence…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Jason Fulman , Adrian Röllin

We present (bi-)symmetric generating functions for the joint distributions of Euler-Stirling statistics on permutations, including the number of descents ($\mathsf{des}$), inverse descents ($\mathsf{ides}$), the number of left-to-right…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Emma Yu Jin

In this paper, by virtue of a determinantal formula for derivatives of the ratio between two differentiable functions, in view of the Fa\`a di Bruno formula, and with the help of several identities and closed-form formulas for the partial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-25 Feng Qi

Andr\'e proved that the number of alternating permutations on $\{1, 2, \dots, n\}$ is equal to the Euler number $E_n$. A refinement of Andr\'e's result was given by Entringer, who proved that counting alternating permutations according to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-22 Yoann Gelineau , Heesung Shin , Jiang Zeng

Stirling permutations were introduced by Gessel and Stanley, who used their enumeration by the number of descents to give a combinatorial interpretation of certain polynomials related to Stirling numbers. Quasi-Stirling permutations, which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-05 Sergi Elizalde

In this paper, we study degenerate ordered Bell polynomials with the viewpoint of Carlitz's degenerate Bernoulli and Euler polynomials and derive by using umbral calculus some properties and new identities for the degenerate ordered Bell…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-04-25 Taekyun Kim , Dae san Kim

Exponentiating the hypergeometric series gives a recursion relation for integer sequences which are generalizations of conventional Bell numbers. The corresponding associated Stirling numbers of the second kind are also generated and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 J. -M. Sixdeniers , K. A. Penson , A. I. Solomon

This paper introduces and investigates degenerate versions of the A-algorithm and B-algorithm by incorporating a parameter lambda into their respective recurrence relations. We derive explicit formulas for the final sequences of these…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-05 Taekyun Kim , Dae san Kim

By using the associated and restricted Stirling numbers of the second kind, we give some generalizations of the poly-Bernoulli numbers. We also study their arithmetical and combinatorial properties. As an application, at the end of the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-10-26 Takao Komatsu , Kalman Liptai , István Mező

A sequence inverse relationship can be defined by a pair of infinite inverse matrices. If the pair of matrices are the same, they define a dual relationship. Here presented is a unified approach to construct dual relationships via…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-14 Tian-Xiao He , Jinze Zheng

We show that each member of a doubly infinite sequence of highly nonlinear expressions of Bernoulli polynomials, which can be seen as linear combinations of certain higher-order convolutions, is a multiple of a specific product of linear…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-29 Karl Dilcher , Armin Straub , Christophe Vignat

We introduce a new array of type $D$ Eulerian numbers, different from that studied by Brenti, Chow and Hyatt. We find in particular the recurrence relation, Worpitzky formula and the generating function. We also find the probability…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-03-24 Anna Borowiec , Wojciech Młotkowski

The aim of this paper is to give a new approach to modified $q$-Bernstein polynomials for functions of several variables. By using these polynomials, the recurrence formulas and some new interesting identities related to the second Stirling…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-07-04 Serkan Araci , Mehmet Acikgoz , Hassan Jolany , Armen Bagdasaryan

The relations between the Bernoulli and Eulerian polynomials of higher order and the complete Bell polynomials are found that lead to new identities for the Bernoulli and Eulerian polynomials and numbers of higher order. General form of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-11-17 Boris Y. Rubinstein

In this paper, the asymptotic formulas for Eulerian numbers, refined Eulerian numbers and the coefficients of descent polynomials are obtained directly from the spline interpretations of these numbers. Having related these numbers directly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-02-02 Renhong Wang , Yan Xu

The Euler-Maclaurin formula which relates a discrete sum with an integral, is generalised to the setting of Riemann-Stieltjes sums and integrals on stochastic processes whose paths are a.s. rectifiable, namely, continuous and with bounded…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Carlo Bellingeri , Peter K. Friz , Sylvie Paycha

In the present paper, we introduce Eulerian polynomials with a and b parameters and give the definition of them. By using the definition of generating function for our polynomials, we derive some new identities in Theory of Analytic…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-07-04 Serkan Araci , Mehmet Acikgoz , Erdoğan Şen