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An attention matrix of a transformer self-attention sublayer can provably be decomposed into two components and only one of them (effective attention) contributes to the model output. This leads us to ask whether visualizing effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Kaiser Sun , Ana Marasović

Many training-free sparse attention methods are effective for accelerating diffusion models. Recently, several works suggest that making sparse attention trainable can further increase sparsity while preserving generation quality. We study…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Jintao Zhang , Kai Jiang , Chendong Xiang , Weiqi Feng , Yuezhou Hu , Haocheng Xi , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu

The attention mechanism is becoming increasingly popular in Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications, showing superior performance than convolutional and recurrent architectures. However, attention becomes the compution bottleneck…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Hanrui Wang , Zhekai Zhang , Song Han

Many natural language processing tasks solely rely on sparse dependencies between a few tokens in a sentence. Soft attention mechanisms show promising performance in modeling local/global dependencies by soft probabilities between every two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-06 Tao Shen , Tianyi Zhou , Guodong Long , Jing Jiang , Sen Wang , Chengqi Zhang

The self-attention mechanism, at the heart of the Transformer model, is able to effectively model pairwise interactions between tokens. However, numerous recent works have shown that it is unable to perform basic tasks involving detecting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sayak Chakrabarti , Toniann Pitassi , Josh Alman

In this paper, we seek solutions for reducing the computation complexity of transformer-based models for speech representation learning. We evaluate 10 attention algorithms; then, we pre-train the transformer-based model with those…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-04 Tsung-Han Wu , Chun-Chen Hsieh , Yen-Hao Chen , Po-Han Chi , Hung-yi Lee

The Transformer-based model have made significant strides in semantic matching tasks by capturing connections between phrase pairs. However, to assess the relevance of sentence pairs, it is insufficient to just examine the general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Bo Li , Di Liang , Zixin Zhang

The powerful modeling capabilities of all-attention-based transformer architectures often cause overfitting and - for natural language processing tasks - lead to an implicitly learned internal language model in the autoregressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Timo Lohrenz , Björn Möller , Zhengyang Li , Tim Fingscheidt

Generating realistic videos with diffusion transformers demands significant computation, with attention layers the central bottleneck; even producing a short clip requires running a transformer over a very long sequence of embeddings, e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Sankeerth Durvasula , Kavya Sreedhar , Zain Moustafa , Suraj Kothawade , Ashish Gondimalla , Suvinay Subramanian , Narges Shahidi , Nandita Vijaykumar

In this paper, we propose a simple and effective technique to allow for efficient self-supervised learning with bi-directional Transformers. Our approach is motivated by recent studies demonstrating that self-attention patterns in trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Ameet Deshpande , Karthik Narasimhan

Motivated by the fact that most of the information relevant to the prediction of target tokens is drawn from the source sentence $S=s_1, \ldots, s_S$, we propose truncating the target-side window used for computing self-attention by making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Ciprian Chelba , Mia Chen , Ankur Bapna , Noam Shazeer

To overcome the quadratic cost of self-attention, recent works have proposed various sparse attention modules, most of which fall under one of two groups: 1) sparse attention under a hand-crafted patterns and 2) full attention followed by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Sungjun Cho , Seonwoo Min , Jinwoo Kim , Moontae Lee , Honglak Lee , Seunghoon Hong

Sparse attention mechanisms aim to reduce computational overhead with minimal accuracy loss by selectively processing salient tokens. Despite their effectiveness, most methods merely exploit a model's inherent sparsity and thus plateau at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Feng Chen , Yefei He , Lequan Lin , Chenhui Gou , Jing Liu , Bohan Zhuang , Qi Wu

We present Top-Theta (Top-$\theta$) Attention, a training-free method for sparsifying transformer attention during inference. Our key insight is that static, per-head thresholds can be calibrated to retain the desired constant number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Konstantin Berestizshevsky , Renzo Andri , Lukas Cavigelli

Large language models (LLMs) have driven significant advancements across diverse NLP tasks, with long-context models gaining prominence for handling extended inputs. However, the expanding key-value (KV) cache size required by Transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Lijie Yang , Zhihao Zhang , Zhuofu Chen , Zikun Li , Zhihao Jia

In this paper, we propose a novel token selective attention approach, ToSA, which can identify tokens that need to be attended as well as those that can skip a transformer layer. More specifically, a token selector parses the current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Manish Kumar Singh , Rajeev Yasarla , Hong Cai , Mingu Lee , Fatih Porikli

We present an approach to modifying Transformer architectures by integrating graph-aware relational reasoning into the attention mechanism, merging concepts from graph neural networks and language modeling. Building on the inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Markus J. Buehler

State-of-the-art sparse attention methods for reducing decoding latency fall into two main categories: approximate top-$k$ (and its extension, top-$p$) and recently introduced sampling-based estimation. However, these approaches are…

Transformer-based models have achieved dominant performance in numerous NLP tasks. Despite their remarkable successes, pre-trained transformers such as BERT suffer from a computationally expensive self-attention mechanism that interacts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jungmin Yun , Mihyeon Kim , Youngbin Kim

The quadratic cost of attention in transformers motivated the development of efficient approaches: namely sparse and sliding window attention, convolutions and linear attention. Although these approaches result in impressive reductions in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Jatin Prakash , Aahlad Puli , Rajesh Ranganath