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Batch Normalization (BN) is one of the most widely used techniques in Deep Learning field. But its performance can awfully degrade with insufficient batch size. This weakness limits the usage of BN on many computer vision tasks like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Junjie Yan , Ruosi Wan , Xiangyu Zhang , Wei Zhang , Yichen Wei , Jian Sun

Batch normalization (BN) is a popular and ubiquitous method in deep learning that has been shown to decrease training time and improve generalization performance of neural networks. Despite its success, BN is not theoretically well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Susanna Lange , Kyle Helfrich , Qiang Ye

Neural networks pose a privacy risk due to their propensity to memorise and leak training data. We show that unique features occurring only once in training data are memorised by discriminative multi-layer perceptrons and convolutional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 John Hartley , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

Batch normalization (BatchNorm) is a popular layer normalization technique used when training deep neural networks. It has been shown to enhance the training speed and accuracy of deep learning models. However, the mechanics by which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Hermanus L. Potgieter , Coenraad Mouton , Marelie H. Davel

Recent studies suggest that ``memorization'' is one important factor for overparameterized deep neural networks (DNNs) to achieve optimal performance. Specifically, the perfectly fitted DNNs can memorize the labels of many atypical samples,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Han Xu , Xiaorui Liu , Wentao Wang , Wenbiao Ding , Zhongqin Wu , Zitao Liu , Anil Jain , Jiliang Tang

Batch Normalization (BN) and its variants have delivered tremendous success in combating the covariate shift induced by the training step of deep learning methods. While these techniques normalize feature distributions by standardizing with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Mandy Lu , Qingyu Zhao , Jiequan Zhang , Kilian M. Pohl , Li Fei-Fei , Juan Carlos Niebles , Ehsan Adeli

This study introduces a new normalization layer termed Batch Layer Normalization (BLN) to reduce the problem of internal covariate shift in deep neural network layers. As a combined version of batch and layer normalization, BLN adaptively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Amir Ziaee , Erion Çano

Utilizing recently introduced concepts from statistics and quantitative risk management, we present a general variant of Batch Normalization (BN) that offers accelerated convergence of Neural Network training compared to conventional BN. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Xiaoyong Yuan , Zheng Feng , Matthew Norton , Xiaolin Li

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are increasingly being used in software engineering and code intelligence tasks. These are powerful tools that are capable of learning highly generalizable patterns from large datasets through millions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Md Rafiqul Islam Rabin , Aftab Hussain , Mohammad Amin Alipour , Vincent J. Hellendoorn

Batch Normalization's (BN) unique property of depending on other samples in a batch is known to cause problems in several tasks, including sequence modeling. Yet, BN-related issues are hardly studied for long video understanding, despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Dominik Rivoir , Isabel Funke , Stefanie Speidel

Differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DPSGD) is a variation of stochastic gradient descent based on the Differential Privacy (DP) paradigm, which can mitigate privacy threats that arise from the presence of sensitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Ali Davody , David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Thomas Kleinbauer , Dietrich Klakow

Batch normalization (BN) is a fundamental unit in modern deep networks, in which a linear transformation module was designed for improving BN's flexibility of fitting complex data distributions. In this paper, we demonstrate properly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Yuhui Xu , Lingxi Xie , Cihang Xie , Jieru Mei , Siyuan Qiao , Wei Shen , Hongkai Xiong , Alan Yuille

Training state-of-the-art, deep neural networks is computationally expensive. One way to reduce the training time is to normalize the activities of the neurons. A recently introduced technique called batch normalization uses the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-22 Jimmy Lei Ba , Jamie Ryan Kiros , Geoffrey E. Hinton

Batch normalization (BN) is a ubiquitous technique for training deep neural networks that accelerates their convergence to reach higher accuracy. However, we demonstrate that BN comes with a fundamental drawback: it incentivizes the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Saeid Asgari Taghanaki , Ali Gholami , Fereshte Khani , Kristy Choi , Linh Tran , Ran Zhang , Aliasghar Khani

Batch Normalization (BN) is widely used in {centralized} deep learning to improve convergence and generalization. However, in {federated} learning (FL) with decentralized data, prior work has observed that training with BN could hinder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Jike Zhong , Hong-You Chen , Wei-Lun Chao

Label smoothing -- using softened labels instead of hard ones -- is a widely adopted regularization method for deep learning, showing diverse benefits such as enhanced generalization and calibration. Its implications for preserving model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Lukas Struppek , Dominik Hintersdorf , Kristian Kersting

Normalization methods are a central building block in the deep learning toolbox. They accelerate and stabilize training, while decreasing the dependence on manually tuned learning rate schedules. When learning from multi-modal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Lucas Deecke , Iain Murray , Hakan Bilen

Batch Normalization (BN) is a commonly used technique to accelerate and stabilize training of deep neural networks. Despite its empirical success, a full theoretical understanding of BN is yet to be developed. In this work, we analyze BN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Tolga Ergen , Arda Sahiner , Batu Ozturkler , John Pauly , Morteza Mardani , Mert Pilanci

The discourse on privacy risks in Large Language Models (LLMs) has disproportionately focused on verbatim memorization of training data, while a constellation of more immediate and scalable privacy threats remain underexplored. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Niloofar Mireshghallah , Tianshi Li

Batch Normalization (BN), a widely-used technique in neural networks, enhances generalization and expedites training by normalizing each mini-batch to the same mean and variance. However, its effectiveness diminishes when confronted with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Bilal Faye , Mustapha Lebbah , Hanane Azzag