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Long-term conversational large language model (LLM) agents require memory systems that can recover relevant evidence from historical interactions without overwhelming the answer stage with irrelevant context. However, existing memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Shuqi Cao , Jingyi He , Fei Tan

We introduce LEGOMem, a modular procedural memory framework for multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems in workflow automation. LEGOMem decomposes past task trajectories into reusable memory units and flexibly allocates them across…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Dongge Han , Camille Couturier , Daniel Madrigal Diaz , Xuchao Zhang , Victor Rühle , Saravan Rajmohan

Scaling up data, parameters, and test-time computation has been the mainstream methods to improve LLM systems (LLMsys), but their upper bounds are almost reached due to the gradual depletion of high-quality data and marginal gains obtained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qingyao Ai , Yichen Tang , Changyue Wang , Jianming Long , Weihang Su , Yiqun Liu

Maintaining consistency in long-term dialogues remains a fundamental challenge for LLMs, as standard retrieval mechanisms often fail to capture the temporal evolution of historical states. While memory-augmented frameworks offer a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhiyu Shen , Ziming Wu , Fuming Lai , Shaobing Lian , Yanghui Rao

Current generation of memory-augmented neural networks has limited scalability as they cannot efficiently process data that are too large to fit in the external memory storage. One example of this is lifelong learning scenario where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Hyunwoo Jung , Moonsu Han , Minki Kang , Sungju Hwang

Long-horizon dialogue systems suffer from semanticdrift and unstable memory retention across extended sessions. This paper presents a Multi-Layer Memory Framework that decomposes dialogue history into working, episodic, and semantic layers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Sunil Tiwari , Payal Fofadiya

Large language models (LLMs) face inherent limitations in memory, including restricted context windows, long-term knowledge forgetting, redundant information accumulation, and hallucination generation. These issues severely constrain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Deliang Wen , Ke Sun

LLM agents increasingly rely on memory mechanisms to reuse knowledge from past problem-solving experiences. However, existing methods typically construct memory for a single agent and reuse it with the same underlying model, tightly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yurui Chang , Yiran Wu , Qingyun Wu , Lu Lin

Long-term memory is essential for persistent LLM agents, yet prevailing architectures store historical interactions as unstructured, flat text. This unconstrained storage induces provenance-role collapse, a critical failure mode where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhengda Jin , Bingbing Wang , Jing Li , Ruifeng Xu , Min Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are constrained by their inability to process lengthy inputs, resulting in the loss of critical historical information. To address this limitation, in this paper, we propose the Self-Controlled Memory (SCM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Bing Wang , Xinnian Liang , Jian Yang , Hui Huang , Shuangzhi Wu , Peihao Wu , Lu Lu , Zejun Ma , Zhoujun Li

Safety evaluations of memory-equipped LLM agents typically measure within-task safety: whether an agent completes a single scenario safely, often under adversarial conditions such as prompt injection or memory poisoning. In deployment,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ahmad Al-Tawaha , Shangding Gu , Peizhi Niu , Ruoxi Jia , Ming Jin

Large Language Model (LLM) agents increasingly serve as personal assistants and workplace collaborators, where their utility depends on memory systems that extract, retrieve, and apply information across long-running conversations. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jingbo Yang , Kwei-Herng Lai , Xiaowen Wang , Shiyu Chang , Yaar Harari , Evgeniy Gabrilovich

Processing graphs with temporal information (the temporal graphs) has become increasingly important in the real world. In this paper, we study efficient solutions to temporal graph applications using new algorithms for Incremental Minimum…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Xiangyun Ding , Yan Gu , Yihan Sun

Memory is critical for LLM-based agents to preserve past observations for future decision-making, where factual memory serves as its foundational part. However, existing approaches to constructing factual memory face several limitations.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Zeyu Zhang , Rui Li , Xiaoyan Zhao , Yang Zhang , Wenjie Wang , Xu Chen , Tat-Seng Chua

Memory-augmented large language models extend reasoning beyond a fixed context window by maintaining long-term memory across interactions. However, existing memory systems often collapse stable user facts, episodic events, and behavioral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Hyeonjeong Ha , Jeonghwan Kim , Cheng Qian , Jiayu Liu , William M. Campbell , Yue Wu , Yuji Zhang , Kathleen McKeown , Dilek Hakkani-Tur , Heng Ji

Because of their superior ability to preserve sequence information over time, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, a type of recurrent neural network with a more complex computational unit, have obtained strong results on a variety of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-02 Kai Sheng Tai , Richard Socher , Christopher D. Manning

Large Language Models (LLMs) are reshaping unsupervised learning by offering an unprecedented ability to perform text clustering based on their deep semantic understanding. However, their direct application is fundamentally limited by a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yuanjie Zhu , Liangwei Yang , Ke Xu , Weizhi Zhang , Zihe Song , Jindong Wang , Philip S. Yu

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across a wide range of tasks, but remain frozen after pretraining until subsequent updates. Many real-world applications require timely, domain-specific information, motivating the…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive reasoning abilities, but struggle with temporal understanding, especially when questions involve multiple entities, compound operators, and evolving event sequences. Temporal Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Xingyu Tan , Xiaoyang Wang , Qing Liu , Xiwei Xu , Xin Yuan , Liming Zhu , Wenjie Zhang

Existing memory-augmented LLM agents often treat memory as a static repository with pre-defined representations and fixed retrieval pipelines, which is brittle in dynamic agentic environments where feedback, task variation, and…